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Serious Organised Crime Agency: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department which local authorities have access to the Serious Organised Crime Agency's ELMER database; and what (a) personal and (b) property data are held on the ELMER database.

Asked by

Lord Jackson of Peterborough (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

29 March 2010

Reference

508 c690W; 323964

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) how many people with profiles on the National DNA Database who had no further action taken in their case have been found guilty of a separate offence (a) since their profile was added to the database and (b) primarily...

Asked by

Elfyn Llwyd (Plaid Cymru)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

24 March 2010

Reference

508 c343W; 315673

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

(2) how many people with a profile on the National DNA Database who were found not guilty in court have since been convicted in respect of a separate offence primarily as a result of their profile being on the Database.

Asked by

Elfyn Llwyd (Plaid Cymru)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

24 March 2010

Reference

508 c343W; 315674

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many individuals who have not been convicted of an offence have particulars of their DNA recorded on the national DNA database.

Asked by

David Jones (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

16 March 2010

Reference

507 c750W; 321666

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many people from each ethnic minority had a profile stored on the National DNA Database on 1 January 2010.

Asked by

Damian Green (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

9 February 2010

For answer on

22 February 2010

Answered on

22 February 2010

The National DNA Database (NDNAD) does not hold self-reported ethnicity data, however, it does hold data on the "ethnic appearance" of persons who have a DNA profile on the database. The ethnic appearance data have six broad ethnic categories plus "unknown". They are based on the judgment of the police officer taking the sample and are recorded for police intelligence purposes to assist in subsequent identification.The following table shows the number of DNA profiles on the NDNAD added by English and Welsh police forces, broken down by ethnic appearance, as at 31 December 2009. "Unknown" means that no ethnic appearance was recorded by the officer taking the sample.The number of profiles held is not the same as the number of individuals. This is because some profiles are replicates—i.e. more than one profile is held for one individual. This may occur if, for example, an individual gives different names, or different versions of their name, on separate arrests. As at 31 December 2009, it was estimated that 13.9 per cent. of the subject profiles held on the entire NDNAD were replicates. As the replication rate is calculated across the entire database, it is not possible to apply it to the number of profiles of each ethnic appearance group to provide the number of individuals in that group.The data presented are based on a snapshot of the NDNAD as at 31 December 2009. The data on the NDNAD are constantly changing as records are added and removed, hence the figures are a snapshot of contents at a single point in time. The data are management information and have not been formally assessed for compliance with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics.

Ethnic appearance	Subject profiles
Unknown	278,630
Asian	324,787
Black	449,288
Chinese/Japanese/SE Asian	39,979
Middle Eastern	46,987
White—North European	4,388,870
White—South European	112,695
Total profiles	5,641,236
Total individuals (estimated)	4,857,104

Date

22 February 2010

Reference

506 c350W; 317153

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many people under (a) 16, (b) 18 and (c) 21 years old had their profile stored on the National DNA Database on 1 January 2010.

Asked by

Damian Green (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

9 February 2010

For answer on

22 February 2010

Answered on

22 February 2010

The figures given in the table show the number of subject profiles held on the National DNA Database (NDNAD) as at 31 December 2009 for police forces in England and Wales. It is broken down by current age for people aged under 16, under 18 and under 21 years old.The number of subject profiles is not the same as the number of individuals. A proportion of DNA profiles held on the NDNAD are replicates, that is, a profile for a person has been loaded on more then one occasion (this may be because the person gave different names, or different versions of their name, on separate arrests, or because of upgrading of profiles). As at 31 December 2009, it was estimated that 13.9 per cent. of profiles held on the NDNAD are replicates. As the replication rate is calculated across the entire database, it is not possible to apply it to the number of profiles in each age group, to provide the number of individuals in that group.The presence of these replicate profiles on the NDNAD does not impact on the effectiveness and integrity of the database.The data presented are based on a snapshot of the NDNAD as at 31 December 2009. The data on the NDNAD are constantly changing as records are added and removed, hence the figures are a snapshot of contents at a single point in time. The data are management information and have not been formally assessed for compliance with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics.

Subject profiles held on the NDNAD taken by police forces in England and Wales as at 31 December 2009, broken down by current age
Current age	Number of subject profiles
Under 16	113,330
Under 18	300,798
Under 21	761,221

Date

22 February 2010

Reference

506 c349-50W; 317152

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many criminals convicted before the creation of the National DNA Database had given a DNA sample to police.

Asked by

Damian Green (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

22 February 2010

Reference

506 c349W; 313456

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many people with a profile on the National DNA Database have never been convicted of a crime.

Asked by

Elfyn Llwyd (Plaid Cymru)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

9 February 2010

Reference

505 c908-9W; 315672

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what proportion of the prison population had a profile stored on the National DNA Database on the latest date for which figures are available.

Asked by

Damian Green (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

9 February 2010

Reference

505 c908W; 313454

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what estimate he has made of the number of people with records on the National DNA Database entered after a suspected offence for which they were not prosecuted were subsequently convicted of the same offence in the latest period for...

Asked by

Baroness Hoey (Labour)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

8 February 2010

Reference

505 c749W; 315414

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what recent estimate he has made of the number of names attached to records on the National DNA Database which (a) are mis-spelled and (b) have been attached in error; and if he will make a statement.

Asked by

James Brokenshire (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

19 January 2010

For answer on

25 January 2010

Answered on

2 February 2010

[holding answer 25 January 2010]: Data provided by the National DNA Database (NDNAD) Delivery unit indicates that between 1 January 2007 and 20 January 2010, it has made changes to eight names on NDNAD profile records following a request from the police force which took the sample. In addition, police forces on occasion may make spelling changes to names on the 'parent' record held on the Police National Computer (PNC). The PNC is linked to the NDNAD and following any changes to names on PNC, an automatic update would be forwarded to the NDNAD.In the same period, there have been 330 sampling or administration errors that have led to records being loaded with incorrect demographic data i.e. an error identified in up to approximately 0.019 per cent. of subject profiles in the period 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2009.A number of procedures carried out by police forces, forensic suppliers and the NDNAD Delivery Unit are in place to ensure that information is recorded as accurately as possible on the NDNAD. These procedures are designed to ensure as far as possible that errors are not included on the database in the first place, rather than rectifying them once the profile has been loaded. If any irregular record comes to the notice of the NDNAD Delivery Unit, the record is suspended on the database pending an investigation—the outcome of which is that the profile record may be re-instated unchanged, amended or deleted.There should be no risk of the wrong individual being charged with an offence since it is a Crown Prosecution Service requirement that, if a person is to be charged on the basis of a DNA match, there must be supporting non-DNA evidence available to be used in evidence. The DNA evidence is one piece of the information that the courts would require for a successful prosecution, as there might be an innocent explanation for someone's presence at a crime scene.

Date

2 February 2010

Reference

505 c198W; 312640

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many DNA records obtained by the police since 1997 have not been loaded on to the National DNA Database; and if he will make a statement.

Asked by

James Brokenshire (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

19 January 2010

For answer on

25 January 2010

Answered on

2 February 2010

[holding answer 25 January 2010]: Data on the number of DNA samples taken by the police were not collected centrally before April 2000. In the period 1 April 2000 to 31 March 2009, 4,986,306 DNA samples were taken from persons arrested by police forces in England and Wales. During this period, 4,544,962 DNA subject profiles were loaded onto the National DNA Database (NDNAD). Therefore, an estimated 441,344 subject DNA samples (9 per cent. of the total samples taken) were not loaded to the database during this period.The figure of 441,344 relates to samples taken and not to individuals. A proportion of the samples will be replicate samples as some persons are arrested on more than one occasion and may be re-sampled. It should be noted that the figures for DNA samples taken and DNA profiles loaded onto the NDNAD are not directly comparable. The number of DNA profiles loaded onto the NDNAD includes profiles derived from volunteer samples, whereas volunteer samples are not included in the figures for DNA samples taken by the police. Profiles where the load date is unknown are not included in the profile loaded figure.Not all DNA samples taken by the police result in a profile loaded onto the NDNAD. There are a number of reasons for this:"Subsequent checks of the Police National Computer (PNC) within the police force may show that the individual already has a DNA profile on the NDNAD, possibly taken by another police force. Therefore there is no need to send a duplicate sample to a forensic supplier for profiling and loading onto the NDNAD. These samples will be destroyed within the police force;""Some samples may be incomplete, damaged or contaminated so that it is not possible for a DNA profile to be derived and loaded onto the database and will be destroyed in the police force;""Some samples will be sent for profiling but not result in a DNA profile; and""Some samples will be sent for profiling but the DNA profile will fail to load onto the database if the related demographic data does not match with a corresponding arrest record on the PNC. These are investigated and may be loaded at a later date."The data provided are management information and have not been formally assessed for compliance with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics.

Date

2 February 2010

Reference

505 c197-8W; 312639

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many samples not linked to a personal profile there were on the National DNA Database on the latest date for which figures are available.

Asked by

Damian Green (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

1 February 2010

Reference

505 c81-2W; 313455

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department in how many convictions for criminal offences evidence from the National DNA database played a material part in (a) 2005, (b) 2006, (c) 2007, (d) 2008 and (e) 2009.

Asked by

John Robertson (Labour)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

13 January 2010

For answer on

18 January 2010

Answered on

26 January 2010

[holding answer 18 January 2010]: Data are available on the number of detections in which a DNA match was available, but not the number of convictions. The following table shows the number of detections in which a DNA match was available or played a part. Data are collected by financial year, so figures for 2008-09 are the most recent available. The data are for forces in England and Wales only.The figures held do not include crimes detected as a result of one-off speculative searches of the National DNA Database or from comparing DNA profiles in a forensic laboratory. One off speculative searches and DNA profile comparisons are used mainly in the investigation of serious crimes such as murder and rape, and therefore the figures in the table under-represent the overall contribution of DNA matches to the detection of serious crimes such as murder and rape.It is important to note that detections are achieved through integrated criminal investigation, not through DNA alone. The source of the figures provided is the forensic performance data, which are collected by the Home Office from police forces.The data provided are management information and have not been formally assessed for compliance with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics.

	Detections of crimes in which a DNA match was available	Additional detections arising from DNA match	Total DNA-related detections¹	Total recorded crime
2005-06	20,349	19,960	40,309	5,555,172
2006-07	19,949	21,199	41,148	5,427,558
2007-08	17,614	15,420	33,034	4,951,173
2008-09	17,607	14,602	32,209	4,702,468
¹ 'DNA detections' and 'Additional detections'
Notes:
1. A 'DNA detection' means that the crime was cleared up and a DNA match was available.
2. 'Additional detections arising from the DNA match' occur when, for example, a suspect, on being presented with DNA evidence linking him to one offence, confesses to further offences. They arise from a crime with a DNA match, and are therefore detections where a DNA match played a part in solving the crime.
3. Total 'DNA-related detections' means 'DNA detections' + 'Additional detections arising from the DNA match'.

Date

26 January 2010

Reference

504 c806-8W; 311556

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what recent assessment he has made of the implications of the provisions of the Prüm Treaty for the retention of information on the National DNA Database.

Asked by

James Brokenshire (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

26 January 2010

Reference

504 c807W; 312638

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many and what proportion of recorded crimes of each type were detected using DNA profiles from the national DNA database in the latest period for which figures are available.

Asked by

Paul Robert Holmes (Liberal Democrat)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

6 January 2010

For answer on

11 January 2010

Answered on

25 January 2010

[holding answer 11 January 2010]: The number and proportion of recorded crimes of each type detected in which a DNA match was available in 2008-09 is shown in Table 1. The figures held do not include crimes detected as a result of one-off speculative searches of the NDNAD or from comparing DNA profiles in a forensic laboratory. One off speculative searches and DNA profile comparisons are used mainly in the investigation of serious crimes such as murder and rape. Therefore the figures provided in Table 1 will under-represent the overall contribution of DNA matches to the detection of serious crimes such as murder and rape.It is important to note that detections are achieved through integrated criminal investigation, not through DNA alone. The source of the figures provided is the forensic performance data, which are collected from police forces by the Home Office.Table 1 shows:"the number and types of crimes detected for which a DNA match was available.""additional detections, where an offender admits further offences following a detection for which a DNA match was available.""the total of these two types of detections (labelled 'DNA-related') as a proportion of recorded crime and as a proportion of sanction detections (the sanction detection rate in 2008-09 for total recorded crime was 28 per cent)."The table shows that 17 per cent. of all detected domestic burglaries, 20 per cent. of all detected other burglaries (burglaries other than a dwelling e.g. commercial premises, garden sheds, etc.) and 10 per cent. of all detected thefts of vehicle were 'DNA-related'.It should also be noted that most recorded crimes do not have any forensic opportunities (for example, minor assault, drugs offences, theft, fraud etc.). In 2008-09, only a small proportion of recorded crimes had a crime scene examination (17 per cent.); and only 39,795 crimes yielded DNA crime scene samples of sufficient quantity and quality for profiling and loading to the NDNAD.The data provided are management information and have not been formally assessed for compliance with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics.

DNA-related detections 2008-09
Police forensic data—2 crime categories	Detections of crimes in which a DNA match was available ('DNA detections')	Additional detections arising from the DNA match	Total DNA-related detections ('DNA detections' and additional detections)	Recorded crime 2008-09	Total force detections 2008-09	Total DNA-related detections as proportion of recorded crime (percentage)	Total DNA-related detections as proportion of total force detections (percentage)
All other recorded crime	1,506	1,616	3,122	1,315,079	368,595	0.2	0.8
Criminal damage	2,886	896	3,782	936,729	131,442	0.4	2.9
Domestic burglary	3,702	4,015	7,717	284,445	46,500	2.7	16.6
Drugs offences	397	179	576	242,907	230,962	0.2	0.2
"Homicide"¹	70	4	74	11,248	4,583	0.7	1.6
Other burglary	3,830	2,571	6,401	296,952	31,371	2.2	20.4
Other sex offences	106	34	140	38,355	12,760	0.4	1.1
Other violent offences	861	168	1,029	892,745	422,224	0.1	0.2
Rape	168	1	169	13,133	3,411	1.3	5.0
Robbery	603	148	751	80,104	16,816	0.9	4.5
Theft from vehicle	2,036	3,655	5,691	444,647	42,642	1.3	13.3
Theft of vehicle	1,298	1,165	2,463	147,470	24,471	1.7	10.1
Unknown	144	150	294	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Total of 12 crime types	17,607	14,602	32,209	4,703,814	1,335,777	0.68	2.41
¹ The forensic data "homicide" crime category covers the following recorded crime categories:
Murder, Manslaughter, Infanticide—648
Attempted murder—575
Intentional destruction of viable unborn child—8
Threat or conspiracy to murder—9,559
Causing death by aggravated vehicle taking etc.—31
Causing death by dangerous, careless or inconsiderate driving—427
Total 'Homicide' crimes in 2008-09—11,248
Notes:
1. A 'DNA detection' means that the crime was cleared up and a DNA match was available.
2. 'Additional detections arising from the DNA match' occur when, for example, a suspect, on being presented with DNA evidence linking him to one offence, confesses to further offences. They arise from a crime with a DNA match; and are therefore detections where a DNA match played a part in solving the crime.
3. Total 'DNA-related detections' means 'DNA detections' plus 'additional detections arising from the DNA match'.

Date

25 January 2010

Reference

504 c642-4W; 310120

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many profiles were removed from the National DNA Database in each month of 2009.

Asked by

Paul Robert Holmes (Liberal Democrat)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

6 January 2010

For answer on

12 January 2010

Answered on

13 January 2010

[holding answer 12 January 2010]: The following table shows the number of subject profiles removed from the National DNA Database (NDNAD) under the exceptional case procedure, i.e. following a request to the chief officer of the responsible police force, in each month of 2009. The table covers subject profiles submitted to the NDNAD by English and Welsh police forces and the British Transport police.

Number of subject profiles removed from the National DNA Database (NDNAD) under the Exceptional Case Procedure in each month of 2009
	Number
January	17
February	20
March	15
April	19
May	36
June	47
July	50
August	35
September	43
October	37
November	22
December	36
Total	377

Date

13 January 2010

Reference

503 c986W; 310112

House

House of Commons

DNA and Fingerprint Database

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department pursuant to the answer to the hon. Member for Newark of 30 November 2009, Official Report, column 476W, on the DNA and fingerprint database, what foreign intelligence agencies have received DNA and fingerprint information from the UK (a) by making...

Asked by

Daniel Kawczynski (Conservative)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

13 January 2010

Reference

503 c985-6W; 305478

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what proportion of those arrested in (a) 2004, (b) 2005, (c) 2006, (d) 2007 and (e) 2008 and subsequently convicted of an offence in circumstances where there was a match with the National DNA Database were persons who had never...

Asked by

Rob Marris (Labour)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

8 December 2009

For answer on

16 December 2009

Answered on

12 January 2010

[holding answer 16 December 2009]: Information on the proportion of people arrested with no previous convictions or cautions who have subsequently been convicted following a match on the National DNA Database (NDNAD) is not available from the NDNAD. The NDNAD holds DNA profiles taken from persons arrested for a recordable offence but does not hold data on their criminal histories or on the outcome of the police investigation following a match on the NDNAD; this information is held on the Police National Computer (PNC). The information sought could be obtained only at disproportionate cost.Some research information is, however, available on the number of DNA profiles taken from those arrested but not charged and from those arrested, charged but not convicted of an offence that have resulted in a DNA match, thus providing the police with an intelligence link on the possible identity of the offender and assisting in the detection of crimes. In April 2004, an amendment to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984 came into effect which enabled the police to take and retain DNA and fingerprints from persons who had been arrested for a recordable offence. In the period April 2004 to December 2005, the retention of DNA profiles of arrested persons who had not been charged or proceeded against had resulted in matches with crime scene profiles from over 3,000 offences.In May 2001, an amendment to PACE 1984 came into effect which enabled the police to retain DNA samples taken from persons who had been charged but not convicted of an offence. In the period May 2001 to December 2005, an estimated 200,000 DNA samples taken from people charged with offences were retained on the NDNAD, which would previously have had to be removed because of the absence of a conviction. From these, approximately 8,500 profiles of individuals have been linked with crime scene profiles, involving nearly 14,000 offences.Some further research in 2009 has also looked at this issue. A research project on DNA retention looked at 818 matches in 2008-09, of which at least 639 were for murder, manslaughter and rape crimes, and at the 639 subject profiles involved in these matches. The results showed that 69 subject profiles (11 per cent.) from the 639 matches for serious crimes belonged to individuals who did not have a conviction at the time of the match but whose DNA had been retained on the NDNAD. This research considered only those matches where the loading of the crime scene DNA profile resulted in an immediate match with an existing subject profile, and does not include those matches where the subject profile was loaded after the crime scene profile. It therefore shows the value of retaining DNA subject profiles.A 'match' means that DNA from material found at a crime scene matches a DNA profile from a known individual. A detection, prosecution or conviction does not necessarily follow from a match, as the person's presence at the crime scene could have been for innocent reasons, or it may not have been possible or sensible for a number of reasons to take an investigation of the match forward.

Date

12 January 2010

Reference

503 c847-8W; 306652

House

House of Commons

DNA: Databases

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department with reference to the answer of 21 October 2009, Official Report, column 1534W, on DNA: databases, how many new profiles have been added to the National DNA Database by each police force in each month since 15 October 2009; and...

Asked by

Jenny Willott (Liberal Democrat)

Answering body

Home Office

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

16 December 2009

For answer on

5 January 2010

Answered on

6 January 2010

The figures in Table 1 show the number of subject profiles added to the National DNA Database (NDNAD) by English and Welsh police forces and British Transport police in each month between 16 October 2009 and 30 November 2009, broken down by the police force which took the sample.The number of subject profiles held on the NDNAD is not the same as the number of individuals. A proportion of DNA profiles held on the NDNAD are replicates, that is, a profile for a person has been loaded on more than one occasion (this may be because the person gave different names, or different versions of their name, on separate arrests, or because of upgrading of profiles). It is currently estimated that 13.8 per cent. of subject profiles held on the NDNAD are replicates. The replication rate of 13.8 per cent. should only be applied over the entire database however, as the replication rate for individual police forces varies considerably. The presence of these replicate profiles on the NDNAD does not impact on the effectiveness and integrity of the database.

Table 1: Subject profiles added to the NDNAD
Force	16 to 31 October 2009	1 to 30 November 2009
Avon and Somerset	569	735
Bedfordshire	231	351
British Transport	259	372
Cambridgeshire	203	430
Cheshire	351	481
City of London	65	92
Cleveland	102	403
Cumbria	200	337
Derbyshire	411	497
Devon and Cornwall	345	768
Dorset	191	345
Durham	175	244
Dyfed-Powys	176	302
Essex	593	1,053
Gloucestershire	205	480
Greater Manchester	1,193	1,781
Gwent	255	412
Hampshire	517	954
Hertfordshire	277	479
Humberside	450	496
Kent	610	863
Lancashire	944	654
Leicestershire	162	519
Lincolnshire	169	421
Merseyside	1,116	2,012
Metropolitan	4,385	5,033
Norfolk	190	331
North Wales	192	482
North Yorkshire	139	358
Northamptonshire	187	311
Northumbria	464	837
Nottinghamshire	433	880
South Wales	473	604
South Yorkshire	458	718
Staffordshire	558	807
Suffolk	206	526
Surrey	250	351
Sussex	635	399
Thames Valley	884	1,004
Warwickshire	99	295
West Mercia	254	570
West Midlands	640	1,875
West Yorkshire	690	1,166
Wiltshire	215	439
Total	21,121	32,467

Date

6 January 2010

Reference

503 c343-4W; 309230

House

House of Commons

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