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Type
House
Session
Year
Department
Member
Primary member
Answering member
Coaker, Lord (38)
Legislative stage
Legislation
Subject
More
Pornography (38)
Publisher
Westminster Hall adjournment debate on abusive images on the internet.
Westminster Hall adjournment debate on abusive images on the internet.
Lead member
Judy Mallaber
Answering member
Lord Coaker
Department
Home Office
Type
Adjournment debates
Subjects
Children; Abuse; Education; Industry; Internet; Protection; Pornography; Offences against children; Local safeguarding children boards; Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre
Date
11 March 2009
Reference
489 c97-104WH
Chamber / Committee
Westminster Hall
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many pornographic images of children were removed from the internet following investigations by (a) police and (b) her Department's agencies in each year since 2000.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many pornographic images of children were removed from the internet following investigations by (a) police and (b) her Department's agencies in each year since 2000.
Asked by
David Ruffley
(Conservative)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
31 March 2008
For answer on
2 April 2008
Answered on
21 April 2008
There are no figures held by the Home Office for either categories mentioned.Websites containing child abuse images are usually removed from the internet by the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF).The IWF, a self-regulatory organisation funded by the internet industry and the EU operates the UK's 'notice and take-down' service for child sexual abuse content on the internet. They do not count individual images that are removed, rather they focus their efforts on removing web pages or websites which contain or provide access to one, tens, hundreds or possibly thousands of individual child sexual abuse images. On the rare occasion content depicting child sexual abuse is traced to servers in the UK, a takedown request is issued by the IWF and the content is removed, usually within a matter of hours.This partnership approach has proved very successful and UK hosted child sexual abuse content known to the IWF has been less than 1 per cent. since 2003, down from 18 per cent. in 1997. In addition, the IWF provides a list of newsgroups which feature, advertise or advocate child sexual abuse to all UK service providers who voluntarily block large numbers which, in turn, denies access to thousands of such images. Search providers are provided with a list of keywords so that they can manage the quality of their returns and remove potentially illegal websites known to the IWF.This work is about removing content, complicating access, protecting internet users from inadvertent exposure and making the operations of those behind the websites more difficult. Details of each website confirmed to contain child sexual abuse is also passed to UK law enforcement for appropriate investigation. As over 99 per cent. of online child sexual abuse content is now hosted abroad, the IWF works in partnership with the relevant hotline and other authorities around the world, passing on intelligence relating to content in that country. It also provides a dynamic list of child sexual abuse URLs hosted abroad to the online industry to enable them to protect users by blocking inadvertent access to such content.
Subjects
Internet; Pornography; Offences against children
Date
21 April 2008
Reference
474 c1516W; 198470
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what estimate she has made of the proportion of child abuse internet websites hosted in the United States; and what discussions she has had with the US Administration on reducing the number of such sites.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what estimate she has made of the proportion of child abuse internet websites hosted in the United States; and what discussions she has had with the US Administration on reducing the number of such sites.
Asked by
Lord Swire
(Conservative)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
20 February 2008
For answer on
22 February 2008
Answered on
4 March 2008
The Internet Watch Foundation’s (IWF) last published figures (Annual Report 2006) show that 54.3 per cent. of all child sexual abuse domains known to the IWF appeared to be hosted in the US, and 62 per cent. of commercial child sexual abuse domains. The IWF passes intelligence relating to US hosted child sexual abuse websites to its Hotline partner in the US (Cybertipline, part of National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC)) and via Child Exploitation Online Protection Centre (CEOP) and Interpol, to US law enforcement. The IWF recently hosted a visit from associates at NCMEC who were keen to learn from IWF experience. The IWF has also recently visited the US Hotline for a similar sharing exercise.A US Congress delegation visited the UK in 2007 on a fact finding tour. This led to the publication of the Congress Report by the US House of Representatives 109th Congress following their inquiry into child sexual abuse content on the internet last year. The main references to recommended best practice and the IWF are on pages 6-8. Key issues mentioned are NCMEC and IWF sharing lists of child sexual abuse websites; the US emulating the UK/IWF blocking initiative; and pressure being put on ICANN to combat false and illegal domain names which have been selling illegal images for many years on the same website address:"http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/108/News/01032007_Report.pdf"CEOP also have close working relationships with US partners through the Virtual Global Taskforce.The Home Office has had no recent discussions with the US Administration on reducing the number of websites hosting child abuse images hosted in America.
Subjects
Internet; Pornography; Offences against children
Date
4 March 2008
Reference
472 c2303-4W; 188872
House
House of Commons
Adjournment debate on protecting children from internet content.
Adjournment debate on protecting children from internet content.
Lead member
Lord Swire
Answering member
Lord Coaker
Department
Home Office
Type
Adjournment debates
Subjects
Children; Abuse; Internet; Protection; Pornography; Regulation
Date
6 February 2008
Reference
471 c1089-96
Chamber / Committee
House of Commons chamber
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) in how many cases in which credit card fraud is alleged in respect of suspects identified during Operation Ore had such suspects previously reported fraud or theft;
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) in how many cases in which credit card fraud is alleged in respect of suspects identified during Operation Ore had such suspects previously reported fraud or theft;
Asked by
Margaret Moran
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
19 July 2007
For answer on
23 July 2007
Answered on
25 July 2007
This information is not held centrally.
Subjects
Internet; Pornography
Date
25 July 2007
Reference
152167; 463 c1174W
House
House of Commons
(2) how many suspects identified as part of Operation Ore who are claiming credit card fraud are (a) men and (b) women.
(2) how many suspects identified as part of Operation Ore who are claiming credit card fraud are (a) men and (b) women.
Asked by
Margaret Moran
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
19 July 2007
For answer on
23 July 2007
Answered on
25 July 2007
This information is not held centrally.
Subjects
Internet; Pornography
Date
25 July 2007
Reference
152168; 463 c1174W
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what steps the Government are taking to accelerate international co-operation to ensure the swift closure of websites hosted overseas which contain child abuse images.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what steps the Government are taking to accelerate international co-operation to ensure the swift closure of websites hosted overseas which contain child abuse images.
Asked by
Dan Norris
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
11 July 2007
For answer on
16 July 2007
Answered on
23 July 2007
The Government and law enforcement are working hard to build international co-operation and collaboration to improve all aspects of investigations into online child abuse.This will cover not only investigations into websites hosting images of children being sexually abused; but, also, investigations to find the children who appear in these images and to identify those who are making, downloading, distributing and/or trading in images of children being sexually abused. A recent investigation led by the Child Exploitation and Online Protection (CEOP) Centre led to the rescue of over 30 children from abuse and the identification of over 700 suspects worldwide.The Government recognise the need to take action to shut down these sites and law enforcement are pro-actively seeking to build relationships in those parts of the world where it appears the majority of sites are hosted. We are also very supportive of CEOP’s initiative to embed law enforcement officers from overseas into CEOP to improve co-operation and to facilitate investigations.
Subjects
Children; Internet; Pornography
Date
23 July 2007
Reference
149905; 463 c696-8W
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many (a) internet service providers, (b) social networking sites and (c) other IT companies have adapted the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre’s report abuse mechanism.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many (a) internet service providers, (b) social networking sites and (c) other IT companies have adapted the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre’s report abuse mechanism.
Asked by
Margaret Moran
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
10 July 2007
For answer on
12 July 2007
Answered on
18 July 2007
The Child Exploitation and Online Protection (CEOP) Centre, which was launched in April 2006, works across the UK and maximises international links to deliver a holistic approach to tackling child sex abuse wherever and whenever it happens, in particular, from those who use the internet and other new technologies in the sexual exploitation of children. It combines police powers with the dedicated expertise of business sectors, government, specialist charities and other interested organisations.CEOP Centre’s report abuse mechanism allows members of the public to report potentially illegal activity (such as allegations of sexual grooming) direct to law enforcement. To date, over 750,000 children across the UK have been educated on how to use this reporting mechanism. The Home Secretary’s Task Force has set up a working group which includes representatives from social network providers, CEOP and children’s charities, to look at the range of safety issues for children caused by the development and growth of social networking sites and develop good practice guidelines. We hope to publish this soon. One of the key areas under discussion is the means by which the public can make reports about potentially illegal activity to CEOP when they are online. One of the largest providers of Instant Messaging (IM) services in the UK has embedded the report abuse mechanism into its IM.
Subjects
Children; Internet; Protection; Pornography
Date
18 July 2007
Reference
149448; 463 c390-1W
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many police officers and civilian personnel work in countering computer-based child pornography in each police force in England and Wales.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many police officers and civilian personnel work in countering computer-based child pornography in each police force in England and Wales.
Asked by
Tim Loughton
(Conservative)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
12 July 2007
For answer on
16 July 2007
Answered on
17 July 2007
Information on how many police officers and civilian personnel work in countering computer-based images of child abuse is not collected centrally. The Home Office does not use the term child pornography.
Subjects
Children; Internet; Pornography
Date
17 July 2007
Reference
150326; 463 c266-7W
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what information her Department holds on which social networking sites have (a) adopted and (b) not adopted mechanisms to prevent child abuse.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what information her Department holds on which social networking sites have (a) adopted and (b) not adopted mechanisms to prevent child abuse.
Asked by
Margaret Moran
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
10 July 2007
For answer on
12 July 2007
Answered on
16 July 2007
This information is not held centrally.However, the Home Secretary's Task force for Child Protection on the Internet has set up a working group which includes representatives from social network providers, law enforcement and children's charities. This group is looking at the safety issues for children caused by the development and growth of social networking sites and is developing good practice guidelines.
Subjects
Children; Internet; Protection; Pornography
Date
16 July 2007
Reference
149443; 463 c53W
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what plans he has to require web hosting companies to review their commitments to ensure abusive images of children are removed from the internet; and if he will make a statement.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what plans he has to require web hosting companies to review their commitments to ensure abusive images of children are removed from the internet; and if he will make a statement.
Asked by
Margaret Moran
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
13 April 2007
For answer on
17 April 2007
Answered on
17 May 2007
The Government remain committed to ensuring that websites with child abuse content cannot be accessed from within the UK through any Internet Service Provider (ISP).We continue to work very closely with the ISP industry as they put in place blocking mechanisms to restrict access to those websites identified by the Internet Watch Foundation, as well as to exploring other options to prevent access to illegal images of child abuse.The Government have set a target for every ISP to support the blocking mechanism by the end of 2007.
Subjects
Children; Abuse; Internet; Pornography
Date
17 May 2007
Reference
460 c898-9W; 131975
House
House of Commons
I thank my hon. Friend for her question, the sentiments of which I know will be supported by all hon. Members. Just to reiterate the points that she made, 83 per cent. of all illegal child abuse websites that the IWF identified were hosted in the US and Russia, and 90 per cent. of those victims were under 12 years of age. What is increasingly worrying is the severity of the images that are posted on the sites. My hon. Friend makes an extremely important point. We are looking to work through the EU, the Council of Europe, the United Nations and other international bodies to see what we can do to encourage some of our international partners to take a more effective approach to blocking those sites. Hosting a conference is perhaps one of the ideas that we need to look at.
I thank my hon. Friend for her question, the sentiments of which I know will be supported by all hon. Members. Just to reiterate the points that she made, 83 per cent. of all illegal child abuse websites that the IWF identified were hosted in the US and Russia, and 90 per cent. of those victims were under 12 years of age. What is increasingly worrying is the severity of the images that are posted on the sites. My hon. Friend makes an extremely important point. We are looking to work through the EU, the Council of Europe, the United Nations and other international bodies to see what we can do to encourage some of our international partners to take a more effective approach to blocking those sites. Hosting a conference is perhaps one of the ideas that we need to look at.
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Asked by
Judy Mallaber
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Oral answers to questions
I congratulate the IWF, mobile phone companies, ISPs, the police, the charities and the Government's taskforce on making the UK a country that has virtually eradicated the hosting of those disgusting sites, but the IWF report showed that an increasing proportion—90 per cent.—are hosted in the US and Russia, and that the images are getting worse and more disgusting. What action can the Government take to encourage and to help those countries to improve their performance in blocking sites? Will my hon. Friend consider discussing with his Foreign Office colleagues organising an intergovernmental conference with Russia, the US, the European Union and the UK to stop children being abused and raped in front of the camera for profit?
Subjects
Children; Abuse; Internet; Pornography
Date
30 April 2007
Reference
459 c1228-9
Chamber / Committee
House of Commons chamber
House
House of Commons
We are trying to make progress through self-regulation and, as my hon. Friend knows, we have good relationships with internet service providers and mobile telephone operators. We have a target that by the end of 2007 all of our operators will have blocking mechanisms in place. Good progress is being made: almost 90 per cent. of those images are being blocked by our ISPs. They also provide that if people access such sites a message pops up informing them that they have accessed illegal material. We are considering what message ought to pop up on the computer screen, and the examining the possibility of making it a tougher law enforcement message. However, to answer my hon. Friend’s question, what is important is the relationships that we have with our international partners. The key to tackling this problem lies in greater co-operation with other countries.
We are trying to make progress through self-regulation and, as my hon. Friend knows, we have good relationships with internet service providers and mobile telephone operators. We have a target that by the end of 2007 all of our operators will have blocking mechanisms in place. Good progress is being made: almost 90 per cent. of those images are being blocked by our ISPs. They also provide that if people access such sites a message pops up informing them that they have accessed illegal material. We are considering what message ought to pop up on the computer screen, and the examining the possibility of making it a tougher law enforcement message. However, to answer my hon. Friend’s question, what is important is the relationships that we have with our international partners. The key to tackling this problem lies in greater co-operation with other countries.
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Asked by
John Robertson
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Oral answers to questions
Does my hon. Friend not agree that it is time that the servers themselves policed such sites as come into this country? People with computers use those servers, and it is time the servers did the policing. Can a hotline not be set up so that complaints can be made about such illegal sites coming through our computer systems? Should not ISPs be forced to put up such information on their sites so that it can be passed on to the necessary people?
Subjects
Children; Abuse; Internet; Pornography
Date
30 April 2007
Reference
459 c1229
Chamber / Committee
House of Commons chamber
House
House of Commons
I am sorry to disappoint the hon. Gentleman, but I cannot produce the report that he mentions today. However, the report that CEOPC is in the process of producing is extremely important. I know that my right hon. Friend the Home Secretary will look at it in due course, and we will publish it as soon as possible. It deals with child abuse—as the hon. Gentleman knows, because of his work in that area—but also with child trafficking. The Government want to expand our knowledge and understanding of the extent of this problem and the numbers involved. We will publish the report as soon as possible.
I am sorry to disappoint the hon. Gentleman, but I cannot produce the report that he mentions today. However, the report that CEOPC is in the process of producing is extremely important. I know that my right hon. Friend the Home Secretary will look at it in due course, and we will publish it as soon as possible. It deals with child abuse—as the hon. Gentleman knows, because of his work in that area—but also with child trafficking. The Government want to expand our knowledge and understanding of the extent of this problem and the numbers involved. We will publish the report as soon as possible.
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Asked by
Anthony Steen
(Conservative)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Oral answers to questions
In his parliamentary answer in February, the Minister said that he would publish the research report on the exploitation and abuse of children in this country by a funded organisation, the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre—CEOP—and that that would give us an idea of the nature and scale of child abuse and exploitation.He undertook to publish it by April. Will he produce the rabbit out of his hat this afternoon?
Subjects
Children; Abuse; Internet; Pornography
Date
30 April 2007
Reference
459 c1229
Chamber / Committee
House of Commons chamber
House
House of Commons
The Government welcome the report of the Internet Watch Foundation, which was published this month, and congratulate the IWF and their partners on their work and achievements.
We continue to work very closely with the internet service providers industry in the UK to ensure that blocking mechanisms are in place to restrict access to the sites identified by the Internet Watch Foundation. We are aiming for every ISP to support the blocking mechanism by the end of 2007. Additionally, the Department is supporting work by the British Standards Institution to develop a kite-mark for software products that PC-owners can use to block access to the sites at software level. That will be available by the end of the year.
The Government welcome the report of the Internet Watch Foundation, which was published this month, and congratulate the IWF and their partners on their work and achievements.
We continue to work very closely with the internet service providers industry in the UK to ensure that blocking mechanisms are in place to restrict access to the sites identified by the Internet Watch Foundation. We are aiming for every ISP to support the blocking mechanism by the end of 2007. Additionally, the Department is supporting work by the British Standards Institution to develop a kite-mark for software products that PC-owners can use to block access to the sites at software level. That will be available by the end of the year.
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Asked by
Judy Mallaber
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Oral answers to questions
What further steps he plans to take to stop access to images of child abuse via the internet in response to the annual report of the Internet Watch Foundation; and if he will make a statement.
Subjects
Children; Abuse; Internet; Pornography
Date
30 April 2007
Reference
459 c1228
Chamber / Committee
House of Commons chamber
House
House of Commons
What further steps he plans to take to stop access to images of child abuse via the internet in response to the annual report of the Internet Watch Foundation; and if he will make a statement.
What further steps he plans to take to stop access to images of child abuse via the internet in response to the annual report of the Internet Watch Foundation; and if he will make a statement.
Asked by
Judy Mallaber
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Oral questions - Lead
Status
Answered
Tabled on
24 April 2007
For answer on
30 April 2007
Answered on
30 April 2007
The Government welcome the report of the Internet Watch Foundation, which was published this month, and congratulate the IWF and their partners on their work and achievements.
We continue to work very closely with the internet service providers industry in the UK to ensure that blocking mechanisms are in place to restrict access to the sites identified by the Internet Watch Foundation. We are aiming for every ISP to support the blocking mechanism by the end of 2007. Additionally, the Department is supporting work by the British Standards Institution to develop a kite-mark for software products that PC-owners can use to block access to the sites at software level. That will be available by the end of the year.
Subjects
Children; Abuse; Internet; Pornography
Date
30 April 2007
Reference
459 c1228; 134277
Chamber / Committee
House of Commons chamber
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what further measures the Government plans to take to protect children and young people from pornographic material made available through file sharing programmes.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what further measures the Government plans to take to protect children and young people from pornographic material made available through file sharing programmes.
Asked by
Dan Norris
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
28 February 2007
For answer on
2 March 2007
Answered on
7 March 2007
All published material is subject to the Obscene Publications Act 1959 (OPA). Under this Act, it is a criminal offence to publish any article which is considered to be obscene; that is, an article, which, in the view of the court, tends to ‘deprave and corrupt’ a person who is likely to see hear or read it. This is a flexible test which has been shown to apply to material at a lower threshold where children are likely to access it. The OPA applies equally to material published over the internet, including material made available through file-sharing programmes.The Government, through the Home Secretary’s Task Force for Child Protection on the Internet, is also promoting the development of a BSI kitemark for computer safety software which will help parents and carers choose the most effective technical means of protecting children from unsuitable internet based content and services, including those which prevent the use of file-sharing software. There is also to be new Safety Software Sub Group of the Taskforce to encourage internet and software services to seek accreditation, encourage take-up of the software by parents, and to ensure a process for review and updating the standard if it proves effective.
Subjects
Pornography
Date
7 March 2007
Reference
457 c2057W;457 c2042-3W; 125364
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department whether the Obscene Publications Act 1959 applies to internet websites offering pornographic material, with particular reference to child protection on the internet; and if he will make a statement.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department whether the Obscene Publications Act 1959 applies to internet websites offering pornographic material, with particular reference to child protection on the internet; and if he will make a statement.
Asked by
Brian Iddon
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
6 December 2006
For answer on
11 December 2006
Answered on
13 December 2006
The Obscene Publications Act 1959 applies to all published material whether on the Internet or offline. Material is published if it is circulated, distributed, sold, given, lent or offered to another person. It will be deemed to be obscene if the court finds that its effect is such as to tend to deprave and corrupt persons who are likely to read, see or hear it.The Criminal Law Subgroup of the Home Secretary’s Task Force on Child Protection on the Internet has considered the implications of a judgement in the Court of Appeal (R v. Perrin [2002] EWCA crim 747) which indicated that where children are likely to access material of a degree of sexual explicitness equivalent to what is available to those aged 18 and above in a licensed sex shop, that material may be considered to be obscene and subject to prosecution. This applies to material which is not behind a suitable payment barrier or other accepted means of age verification, for example, material on the front page of pornography websites and non-commercial, user-generated material which is likely to be accessed by children and meets the threshold.
Subjects
Internet; Pornography
Date
13 December 2006
Reference
108336; 454 c1120W;454 c1122W
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what legislation governs the making and distribution of pornographic text describing the abuse of children; and if he will make a statement.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what legislation governs the making and distribution of pornographic text describing the abuse of children; and if he will make a statement.
Asked by
Sian C James
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
23 November 2006
For answer on
27 November 2006
Answered on
30 November 2006
The Obscene Publication Acts 1959 and 1964 cover the publication, supply and possession for gain of material which, in the view of the court, has a tendency to ““deprave and corrupt”” those likely to read, see or hear it. This includes pornographic text describing the abuse of children where it meets this test. The maximum penalty under the Act (as amended) is three years’ imprisonment.In some circumstances, the distribution of such text may be covered by the law on incitement.
Subjects
Children; Pornography
Date
30 November 2006
Reference
104540; 453 c898-9W
House
House of Commons
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what legislation governs the making and distribution of indecent images, which are not photographs, of children; and if he will make a statement.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what legislation governs the making and distribution of indecent images, which are not photographs, of children; and if he will make a statement.
Asked by
Sian C James
(Labour)
Answered by
Lord Coaker
(Labour)
Answering body
Home Office
Type
Written questions
Status
Answered
Tabled on
23 November 2006
For answer on
27 November 2006
Answered on
30 November 2006
Section 84 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 updated the controls on the taking, making, distribution and possession of indecent photographs of children, set out in the Protection of Children Act 1978 and the Criminal Justice Act 1988, to include pseudo photographs of children. A pseudo photograph is an image, whether made by computer graphics or in any other way, which appears to be an indecent photograph of a child under 18. The maximum penalty for production and distribution of this material is 10 years and for possession five years’ imprisonment.The Obscene Publication Acts 1959 and 1964 cover the publication, supply and possession for gain of material, which, in the view of the court, has a tendency to ““deprave and corrupt”” those likely to read, see or hear it. This includes images of child abuse which do not meet the definition of a pseudo photograph, that is they do not appear to be a photograph of a child, if they meet this test. The maximum penalty for offences under the Act (as amended) is three years imprisonment.
Subjects
Children; Pornography
Date
30 November 2006
Reference
105879; 453 c903-4W;453 c899W
House
House of Commons