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To ask the Secretary of State for Health what assessment his Department has made of the safety assessment of (a) Ritalin and (b) Modafinil in circumstances where they are being used without prescription for the purposes of enhanced academic performance; and if his Department will take steps to (i) inform...
To ask the Secretary of State for Health what assessment his Department has made of the safety assessment of (a) Ritalin and (b) Modafinil in circumstances where they are being used without prescription for the purposes of enhanced academic performance; and if his Department will take steps to (i) inform...
In the United Kingdom, there are strict legal controls on the retail sale, supply and advertisement of medicinal products. Under medicines legislation, it is unlawful for medicinal products for human use to be marketed, manufactured, imported from a third country, distributed and sold or supplied in the UK except in accordance with the appropriate licences or exemptions.
Ritalin (‘Methylphenidate’) is a Class B drug under the 1971 Act and listed under Schedule 2 of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001.
Modafinil is a prescription only medicine (POM) and is not controlled under the 1971 Act. As such, it may only be legally sold or supplied to the public through registered pharmacy premises, by or under the supervision of a pharmacist. Additionally, it may only be sold or supplied in response to a prescription from an authorised health care professional (such as a doctor, dentist, or certain trained nurses and pharmacists).
A UK registered pharmacy may have a presence on the internet; however the requirements of legislation apply equally to both UK internet pharmacies and bricks-and-mortar premises. Modafinil cannot be advertised directly to the public. These legal controls also apply equally to medicines for human use sold or supplied via the internet or e-mail transactions.
These restrictions do not apply to countries outside UK jurisdiction where medicines may be classified and regulated differently.
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), an Executive Agency of the Department, is responsible for the regulation of medicines on the UK market. The MHRA has serious concerns about the availability of medicines being offered via the Internet and issues regular warnings to the public concerning the inherent risks of purchasing medicines online. MHRA advice is that medicines purchased from websites, particularly websites based overseas, cannot be guaranteed to meet set standards of quality, safety and efficacy and advises patients not to purchase medicines in this way.
Neither methylphenidate (Ritalin) or modafinil (Provigil) are medicinal products authorised for use as cognition enhancers and the available efficacy and safety of these products, for this use has not been evaluated by the MHRA.
Aspects of drug education are covered in statutory national curriculum science; for example, the curriculum ensures that pupils learn about 'the effects of drugs on behaviour, health and life processes'.
This provision can be built on and extended through non-statutory personal, social, health and economic (PSHE) education. The goal of PSHE is to equip young people with the skills and knowledge they need to make informed decisions to keep them safe, and teachers have the flexibility to tailor their PSHE programmes to reflect the needs of their pupils.
To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills what estimate he has made of the proportion of pupils in (a) further and (b) higher education who use exam-performance enhancing drugs such as Ritalin and Modafinil; and what assessment he has made of the effect of such drugs...
To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills what estimate he has made of the proportion of pupils in (a) further and (b) higher education who use exam-performance enhancing drugs such as Ritalin and Modafinil; and what assessment he has made of the effect of such drugs...
We have made no such assessment. As independent and autonomous institutions further and higher education institutions are responsible for all matters relating to student conduct including monitoring performance and attainment levels. Higher education is an adult environment. However, it is a long-established principle that universities have a duty of care to their students. This is also true for further education colleges where the age range of students is wider. As such, both types of institution will determine what welfare and counselling services they need to provide to their students to offer appropriate support.
To ask the Secretary of State for Health what assessment his Department has made of the efficacy and value for money that might be obtained by using non-racemic levo and dextro-methadones instead of racemic methadone in the treatment of drug addiction and neuropathic pain.
[109969]
To ask the Secretary of State for Health what assessment his Department has made of the efficacy and value for money that might be obtained by using non-racemic levo and dextro-methadones instead of racemic methadone in the treatment of drug addiction and neuropathic pain.
[109969]
Marketing authorisation by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, has only been sought for racemic methadone. Levo-methadone has not been authorised in the United Kingdom and data in support of its efficacy have not been submitted for evaluation.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what the cost of testing people committing trigger offences as defined in Schedule 6 of the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000 for the presence of a specified class A drug was in the most recent year for which...
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what the cost of testing people committing trigger offences as defined in Schedule 6 of the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000 for the presence of a specified class A drug was in the most recent year for which...
(2) what estimate she has made of the number of 16 to 59 year olds who have used any form of cocaine in each year since 1996.
(2) what estimate she has made of the number of 16 to 59 year olds who have used any form of cocaine in each year since 1996.
| Table 1 Estimates of numbers and prevalence of 16 to 24-year-olds who have used any form of cocaine in the last year. 1996 to 2006-07 BCS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best estimate | Lower estimate | Higher estimate | % of 16 to 24 year olds | Statistically significant change 1996 | Unweighted base | |
| 1996 | 82 | 49 | 136 | 1.4 | — | 1,420 |
| 1998 | 180 | 125 | 257 | 3.2 | * | 1,246 |
| 2000 | 304 | 235 | 391 | 5.4 | * | 1,468 |
| 2001-02 | 289 | 247 | 339 | 5.1 | * | 3,995 |
| 2002-03 | 300 | 257 | 350 | 5.2 | * | 4,227 |
| 2003-04 | 318 | 278 | 364 | 5.4 | * | 5,531 |
| 2004-05 | 312 | 275 | 355 | 5.1 | * | 6,196 |
| 2005-06 | 370 | 327 | 417 | 5.9 | * | 5,892 |
| 2006-07 | 375 | 332 | 423 | 6.1 | * | 5,706 |
| Notes: 1. The values are derived by adding or subtracting the confidence interval around the 2006-07 sample best estimates. Lower and higher estimates are based on 95 per cent. confidence intervals (calculated using a logit transformation where proportions were less than 0.2 or greater than 0.8). 2. The figures are calculated using population estimates provided by the Government Actuary's Department. |
| Table 2: Estimates of numbers and prevalence of 16 to 59-year-olds who have used any form of cocaine in the last year. 1996 to 2006-07 BCS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best estimate | Lower estimate | Higher estimate | % of 16 to 24 year olds | Statistically significant change 1996 | Unweighted base | |
| 1996 | 196 | 148 | 259 | 0.6 | - | 10,741 |
| 1998 | 382 | 309 | 470 | 1.3 | * | 9,884 |
| 2000 | 632 | 547 | 729 | 2.0 | * | 12,771 |
| 2001-02 | 620 | 551 | 696 | 2.0 | * | 19,973 |
| 2002-03 | 652 | 588 | 724 | 2.1 | * | 23,357 |
| 2003-04 | 775 | 705 | 852 | 2.5 | * | 24,197 |
| 2004-05 | 644 | 585 | 709 | 2.0 | * | 28,206 |
| 2005-06 | 776 | 712 | 846 | 2.4 | * | 29,631 |
| 2006-07 | 835 | 767 | 908 | 2.6 | * | 28,975 |
| Notes: 1. The values are derived by adding or subtracting the confidence interval around the 2006-07 sample best estimates. Lower and higher estimates are based on 95 per cent. confidence intervals (calculated using a logit transformation where proportions were less than 0.2 or greater than 0.8). 2. The figures are calculated using population estimates provided by the Government Actuary's Department. |
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what percentage of cannabis users were classed as regular users (a) in each year since 1996 and (b) at the latest date for which figures are available.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what percentage of cannabis users were classed as regular users (a) in each year since 1996 and (b) at the latest date for which figures are available.
| Table 1: Frequent use in the last year among 16 to 24-year-old cannabis users, 2002-03 to 2006-07 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Percentage | ||
| Used more than once a month | Unweighted base | |
| 2002-03 | 46.1 | 743 |
| 2003-04 | 46.9 | 1,267 |
| 2004-05 | 41.1 | 1,348 |
| 2005-06 | 41.2 | 1,164 |
| 2006-07 | 37.0 | 1,069 |
| Source: | ||
| British crime survey (BCS). |
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) how many 16 to 24-year-olds were reported to have taken any form of cocaine in each year since 1996;
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) how many 16 to 24-year-olds were reported to have taken any form of cocaine in each year since 1996;
| Table 1 Estimates of numbers and prevalence of 16 to 24-year-olds who have used any form of cocaine in the last year. 1996 to 2006-07 BCS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best estimate | Lower estimate | Higher estimate | % of 16 to 24 year olds | Statistically significant change 1996 | Unweighted base | |
| 1996 | 82 | 49 | 136 | 1.4 | — | 1,420 |
| 1998 | 180 | 125 | 257 | 3.2 | * | 1,246 |
| 2000 | 304 | 235 | 391 | 5.4 | * | 1,468 |
| 2001-02 | 289 | 247 | 339 | 5.1 | * | 3,995 |
| 2002-03 | 300 | 257 | 350 | 5.2 | * | 4,227 |
| 2003-04 | 318 | 278 | 364 | 5.4 | * | 5,531 |
| 2004-05 | 312 | 275 | 355 | 5.1 | * | 6,196 |
| 2005-06 | 370 | 327 | 417 | 5.9 | * | 5,892 |
| 2006-07 | 375 | 332 | 423 | 6.1 | * | 5,706 |
| Notes: 1. The values are derived by adding or subtracting the confidence interval around the 2006-07 sample best estimates. Lower and higher estimates are based on 95 per cent. confidence intervals (calculated using a logit transformation where proportions were less than 0.2 or greater than 0.8). 2. The figures are calculated using population estimates provided by the Government Actuary's Department. |
| Table 2: Estimates of numbers and prevalence of 16 to 59-year-olds who have used any form of cocaine in the last year. 1996 to 2006-07 BCS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best estimate | Lower estimate | Higher estimate | % of 16 to 24 year olds | Statistically significant change 1996 | Unweighted base | |
| 1996 | 196 | 148 | 259 | 0.6 | - | 10,741 |
| 1998 | 382 | 309 | 470 | 1.3 | * | 9,884 |
| 2000 | 632 | 547 | 729 | 2.0 | * | 12,771 |
| 2001-02 | 620 | 551 | 696 | 2.0 | * | 19,973 |
| 2002-03 | 652 | 588 | 724 | 2.1 | * | 23,357 |
| 2003-04 | 775 | 705 | 852 | 2.5 | * | 24,197 |
| 2004-05 | 644 | 585 | 709 | 2.0 | * | 28,206 |
| 2005-06 | 776 | 712 | 846 | 2.4 | * | 29,631 |
| 2006-07 | 835 | 767 | 908 | 2.6 | * | 28,975 |
| Notes: 1. The values are derived by adding or subtracting the confidence interval around the 2006-07 sample best estimates. Lower and higher estimates are based on 95 per cent. confidence intervals (calculated using a logit transformation where proportions were less than 0.2 or greater than 0.8). 2. The figures are calculated using population estimates provided by the Government Actuary's Department. |
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what percentage of cocaine powder users were classed as regular users (a) in each year since 1996 and (b) at the latest date for which figures are available.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what percentage of cocaine powder users were classed as regular users (a) in each year since 1996 and (b) at the latest date for which figures are available.
| Frequent use in the last year among 16 to 24-year-old cocaine powder users, 2002-03 to 2006-07 BCS | ||
|---|---|---|
| Percentage | ||
| More than once a month | Unweighted base | |
| 2002-03 | 18.9 | 123 |
| 2003-04 | 17.2 | 253 |
| 2004-05 | 14.2 | 275 |
| 2005-06 | 22.3 | 321 |
| 2006-07 | 25.6 | 302 |
(2) what estimate she has made of the number of people arrested for public order offences who were found to have taken cocaine in each of the last five years for which figures are available;
(2) what estimate she has made of the number of people arrested for public order offences who were found to have taken cocaine in each of the last five years for which figures are available;
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what estimate she has made of the prevalence of cocaine abuse in the 15 to 25 year age group in each of the last five years for which figures are available.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what estimate she has made of the prevalence of cocaine abuse in the 15 to 25 year age group in each of the last five years for which figures are available.
| BCS: Proportion of 16 to 24-year-olds reporting use of cocaine in the last year | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage | |||||||
| Drug | 2002-03 | 2003-04 | 2004-05 | 2005-06 | 2006-07 | Statistically significant change2002-03 to2006-07¹ | Statistically significant change2005-06 to2006-07¹ |
| Any cocaine | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 6.1 | — | — |
| Cocaine powder | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 6.0 | — | — |
| Crack cocaine | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | — | — |
| Unweighted base | 4,227 | 5,351 | 6,796 | 5,892 | 5,706 | — | — |
| ¹ A statistically significant increase at the 5 per cent. level would be denoted by 'up arrow character'. A statistically significant decrease at the 5 per cent. level would be denoted by 'down arrow character.'. | |||||||
| Source: | |||||||
| British Crime Survey |
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) whether people arrested for public order offences when drunk are routinely tested for illegal drugs;
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) whether people arrested for public order offences when drunk are routinely tested for illegal drugs;
(3) whether people arrested for public order offences are routinely tested for illegal drugs.
(3) whether people arrested for public order offences are routinely tested for illegal drugs.
That this House notes that Talking About Cannabis (TAC) is a new action group formed by parents with first hand experience of the effects of cannabis on young people; congratulates TAC for its campaign to raise public awareness of the scientific and medical effects of cannabis, particularly the more potent strain known as skunk, on the mental health of children and teenagers; further congratulates TAC on its focus on preventative drug education in schools in an attempt to stop children from becoming users; supports TAC's campaign for the reclassification of cannabis to Class B from Class C in order to send out a clear message that smoking cannabis in childhood and teenage years is highly dangerous; and calls on the Government to adopt the approach recommended by TAC.
That this House notes that Talking About Cannabis (TAC) is a new action group formed by parents with first hand experience of the effects of cannabis on young people; congratulates TAC for its campaign to raise public awareness of the scientific and medical effects of cannabis, particularly the more potent...
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what recent assessment he has made of the effectiveness of anti-drugs campaigns in (a) the United States and (b) other EU countries.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what recent assessment he has made of the effectiveness of anti-drugs campaigns in (a) the United States and (b) other EU countries.
To ask the Secretary of State for Health, what assessment he has made of the relationship between the incidence of psychosis and cannabis use. - Includes ref to The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs report "The classification of cannabis under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971" and "Dangerous...
To ask the Secretary of State for Health, what assessment he has made of the relationship between the incidence of psychosis and cannabis use. - Includes ref to The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs report "The classification of cannabis under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971" and "Dangerous...
To ask the Secretary of State for Health, what assessment he has made of the clinical effectiveness of ibogaine in treating drug addiction; and what funds are available for further trials.
To ask the Secretary of State for Health, what assessment he has made of the clinical effectiveness of ibogaine in treating drug addiction; and what funds are available for further trials.
To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills, how many pupils have been (a) permanently and (b) temporarily excluded from maintained schools in relation to drugs offences in each of the last five years.
To ask the Secretary of State for Education and Skills, how many pupils have been (a) permanently and (b) temporarily excluded from maintained schools in relation to drugs offences in each of the last five years.