We are aware of the issues faced by some people with physical or mental health conditions that can make attending a screening appointment, or carrying out a home test, more difficult. Currently, national screening IT systems do not have the facilities to flag conditions for individuals which could make it more difficult to carry out the bowel cancer screening, fecal immunochemical test (FIT) at home. It is therefore recommended that individuals contact their general practice (GP) in these situations, so that GPs can work with the screening provider to arrange further support. For example, carrying out a FIT test at the GP or at home, with the support of a family member or community nurse.

NHS England has started work to improve its national screening IT systems through the Digital Transformation of Screening programme. This will enable screening providers to flag heath issues that may make carrying out a FIT test at home more difficult, and to offer any appropriate support.

The national IT system for the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme does not routinely collect data that could identify groups that have a lower-than-average uptake rate of the fecal immunochemical bowel cancer screening test.

Research has found that groups which are less likely to take part in bowel screening include men, people from ethnic minority backgrounds, and people in more deprived areas. Physical or mental health conditions can also make carrying out a home test more difficult.

NHS England has started work to improve its national screening IT systems through the Digital Transformation of Screening programme. This will enable screening providers to record protected characteristics, to more accurately identify groups with the lowest uptake, and target initiatives to improve uptake.

The NHS Breast Screening Programmes were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and some breast screening offices took the decision to pause services temporarily to support the pandemic response. All breast cancer screening services have now recovered from the pandemic, and have no backlog of people waiting to be screened.

Increasing uptake and reducing health inequalities remains paramount as part of the ambitions set out in the NHS Long Term Plan to directly support early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Regional commissioners are working closely with cancer alliances and cancer charities to develop uptake plans which address their specific populations needs.

The standards for breast screening include an acceptable uptake and coverage level of greater than or equal to 70%, and an achievable uptake and coverage level of greater than or equal to 80%. Full details about the changes to breast screening standards before and after COVID-19, are available on the GOV.UK website, in an online only format.

The standards for breast screening include an acceptable uptake and coverage level of greater than or equal to 70%, and an achievable uptake and coverage level of greater than or equal to 80%. Full details about the changes to breast screening standards before and after COVID-19, are available on the GOV.UK website, in an online only format.

The Government has not taken any specific action in response to the Medical Research Council's primary care-based trial, Screening for Osteoporosis in Older People. However, there are actions that the Government is taking more generally, to support people with osteoporosis and increase early diagnosis.

The Government is working to set up 160 community diagnostic centres (CDCs) across the country by March 2024. Some of these CDCs will offer bone density scans which can be used to diagnose or assess patients’ risk of osteoporosis. Our ambition is that 95% of patients needing a diagnostic check will receive it within six weeks, by March 2025.

On 24 January 2023, we announced our plan to publish the Major Conditions Strategy. The strategy will focus on six major groups of conditions, including musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders such as osteoporosis. We have since published our initial report Major conditions strategy: case for change and our strategic framework, which is available on the GOV.UK website, in an online only format. For MSK conditions such as osteoporosis, it sets out our aims to improve services where medical treatment is necessary. Together with NHS England, we will explore supporting the further provision of fracture liaison services. This could include identifying people at risk of further osteoporotic fragility fractures and implementing strategies to reduce the risk of future fractures, including from falls, and mortality.

Valuable research work is also being funded by the Department, through the National Institute of Health and Care Research, which has awarded £173 million to research into MSK conditions in the last five years.

The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC) last reviewed the evidence to screen for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in 2019, recommending that a population screening programme should not be introduced. The review identified that there were key areas of uncertainty around the test and treatment and that further research was needed. The research showed that screening all women for osteoporosis does not reduce the number of fractures compared to current care.

The UK NSC can be alerted to any new published peer-reviewed evidence which may suggest the case for a new screening programme via its annual call, which will open in July 2024.

OsteoSight is not a registered product with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, therefore the Government is not currently considering the use of this technology. However, we will continue to explore areas where artificial intelligence can be deployed in health and care to support clinicians, transform patient experience and improve outcomes.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that Body Mass Index (BMI) for adults and BMI centile, adjusted for age and sex, for children and young people should be used as a practical measure for estimating and defining adiposity, the measure of fatty tissue. In September 2022, NICE reviewed evidence on the most accurate methods and thresholds for assessing the risk associated with overweight and obesity in adults, children and young people, which included BMI.

The Government accepts NICE’s evidence review and recommendations on BMI, including that: BMI is used as a practical measure of overweight and obesity in both adults and children and young people but needs to be interpreted with caution because it is not a direct measure of central adiposity, the accumulation of excess fat in the abdominal area which directly relates to health risks such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease; in adults with a BMI below 35 kilograms per metre squared, waist-to-height ratio should be measured and used as well as BMI, as a practical estimate of central adiposity; in children or young people with a BMI on or above the 91st centile, waist to height ratio should be measured to estimate the degree of central adiposity to help identify or predict future health risks; and a child’s BMI centile should always be plotted on the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health UK-World Health Organization growth charts and BMI charts.

NICE also recommended further research, for adults as well as children and young people, on the most accurate and suitable measurements and boundary values to assess the health risks associated with overweight, obesity and central adiposity in people of different ethnicities, particularly those from black, Asian and minority ethnic family backgrounds.

The Department have noted NICE’s recommendations for research. The Department delivers research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research, which funds and supports research across all areas of health and social care, including obesity. Research proposals in all areas compete for the funding available, with awards made on the basis of scientific quality, value for money, and importance of the topic to patients and the health and care system.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that Body Mass Index (BMI) for adults and BMI centile, adjusted for age and sex, for children and young people should be used as a practical measure for estimating and defining adiposity, the measure of fatty tissue. In September 2022, NICE reviewed evidence on the most accurate methods and thresholds for assessing the risk associated with overweight and obesity in adults, children and young people, which included BMI.

The Government accepts NICE’s evidence review and recommendations on BMI, including that: BMI is used as a practical measure of overweight and obesity in both adults and children and young people but needs to be interpreted with caution because it is not a direct measure of central adiposity, the accumulation of excess fat in the abdominal area which directly relates to health risks such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease; in adults with a BMI below 35 kilograms per metre squared, waist-to-height ratio should be measured and used as well as BMI, as a practical estimate of central adiposity; in children or young people with a BMI on or above the 91st centile, waist to height ratio should be measured to estimate the degree of central adiposity to help identify or predict future health risks; and a child’s BMI centile should always be plotted on the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health UK-World Health Organization growth charts and BMI charts.

NICE also recommended further research, for adults as well as children and young people, on the most accurate and suitable measurements and boundary values to assess the health risks associated with overweight, obesity and central adiposity in people of different ethnicities, particularly those from black, Asian and minority ethnic family backgrounds.

The Department have noted NICE’s recommendations for research. The Department delivers research through the National Institute for Health and Care Research, which funds and supports research across all areas of health and social care, including obesity. Research proposals in all areas compete for the funding available, with awards made on the basis of scientific quality, value for money, and importance of the topic to patients and the health and care system.

Economic assessment is undertaken in support of Governmental decision-making, particularly where significant new or existing public resources are required. HM Treasury’s Green Book provides detail of this and sets out guidance on appraising the impacts of government policy. These include employment and productivity effects, environmental impacts and changes in risks to life or health.

The Green Book guidance covers spending control processes, including the development of business cases, as well as regulatory control processes, including regulatory impact assessments.

NHS England has developed an internal national plan in collaboration with key stakeholders to improve uptake within the breast screening programme from 2023 and beyond. This plan will encompass a series of evaluative projects which are expected to report by April 2024

There is currently no intention of publishing the internal plan, but it is available on the NHS Futures Platform. This is a collaboration platform that empowers everyone working in health and social care to safely connect, share and learn across boundaries.

NHS England and the Department are working in collaboration to establish a set of improvement objectives. Rather than a timescale for reaching the target of 80%, each region has a local improvement plan and are working to reach the agreed efficiency standard following restoration of services post COVID-19 pandemic. It was agreed that a quantified focus on reducing variation was preferable to setting timescales.

NHS England has developed an internal national plan in collaboration with key stakeholders to improve uptake within the breast screening programme from 2023 and beyond. This plan will encompass a series of evaluative projects which are expected to report by April 2024

There is currently no intention of publishing the internal plan, but it is available on the NHS Futures Platform. This is a collaboration platform that empowers everyone working in health and social care to safely connect, share and learn across boundaries.

NHS England and the Department are working in collaboration to establish a set of improvement objectives. Rather than a timescale for reaching the target of 80%, each region has a local improvement plan and are working to reach the agreed efficiency standard following restoration of services post COVID-19 pandemic. It was agreed that a quantified focus on reducing variation was preferable to setting timescales.

Public Health England published an inequalities strategy in an online-only format in October 2020 aimed at supporting local screening services, commissioners, and others to address inequalities. Accepted recommendations from the 2019 Public Accounts Committee (PAC) report on Adult Health Screening have now been implemented, so NHS England no longer reports against the PAC report.

NHS England has developed a national plan to improve uptake within the breast screening programme, including interventions to address inequalities and screening barriers. This includes working to ensure that breast screening appointments are as convenient to people as possible and focusing its efforts on low uptake areas and groups. NHS England is also working to ensure they have data, including on protected characteristics, to support services to deliver more targeted initiatives.

Whilst no assessment has been made of the economic benefits of increasing breast screening uptake or the timescales for reaching the achievable target of 80%, the Government continues to be committed to supporting and improving uptake the NHS breast screening programme.

A national plan has been developed by NHS England in collaboration with key stakeholders such as cancer alliances, to improve uptake in the breast screening programme from 2023 and beyond; this is in line with the Long Term Plan commitment that by 2028, 75% of cancers will be diagnosed at stages one and two.

The improvement plan is not set to be published, but covers the priorities and interventions needed to increase uptake. This includes expanding access to screening, reducing inequalities, continuing to develop IT systems to improve data analytics, and ensuring communications are inclusive and accessible to all.

Whilst no assessment has been made of the economic benefits of increasing breast screening uptake or the timescales for reaching the achievable target of 80%, the Government continues to be committed to supporting and improving uptake the NHS breast screening programme.

A national plan has been developed by NHS England in collaboration with key stakeholders such as cancer alliances, to improve uptake in the breast screening programme from 2023 and beyond; this is in line with the Long Term Plan commitment that by 2028, 75% of cancers will be diagnosed at stages one and two.

The improvement plan is not set to be published, but covers the priorities and interventions needed to increase uptake. This includes expanding access to screening, reducing inequalities, continuing to develop IT systems to improve data analytics, and ensuring communications are inclusive and accessible to all.

Whilst no assessment has been made of the economic benefits of increasing breast screening uptake or the timescales for reaching the achievable target of 80%, the Government continues to be committed to supporting and improving uptake the NHS breast screening programme.

A national plan has been developed by NHS England in collaboration with key stakeholders such as cancer alliances, to improve uptake in the breast screening programme from 2023 and beyond; this is in line with the Long Term Plan commitment that by 2028, 75% of cancers will be diagnosed at stages one and two.

The improvement plan is not set to be published, but covers the priorities and interventions needed to increase uptake. This includes expanding access to screening, reducing inequalities, continuing to develop IT systems to improve data analytics, and ensuring communications are inclusive and accessible to all.