As set out in the Warm Homes Plan, our buildings are not currently built to deal with record summer temperatures and some are at significant risk of overheating.

That’s why the government is introducing the most appropriate, cost-effective passive cooling measures into our capital schemes, which will deliver £4.4 billion in direct grants by 2030 to support low-income households. These include internal blinds, external shutters, reflective window films, and cooler building materials.

We also recognise that in some cases active cooling is needed to protect those most vulnerable to overheating. We have therefore expanded the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, which provides grants of up to £7,500 for low‑carbon heating and is worth £2.7 billion up to 2030, to provide grants for air‑to‑air heat pumps which also provide cooling.

Additionally, the WHP committed to a new low-interest consumer loans scheme – backed by £2bn public funding – which will provide further support with upfront costs for various home upgrades. We will provide more details on this soon.

The Government is taking significant steps to make heat pumps more accessible and affordable for homeowners, demonstrated by the record installation levels set in both 2024 and 2025.

The Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) provides grants of up to £7,500 for all eligible households in England and Wales, and we recently announced a £1,500 uplift for properties heated by oil and LPG. We recently expanded scheme eligibility to include air-to-air heat pumps, which are generally cheaper to install.

The Warm Homes: Local Grant and the Warm Homes: Social Housing Fund also provide fully-funded heat pumps to low-income households,

The Warm Homes Plan committed to a new low-interest consumer loans scheme – backed by £2bn public funding – which will provide further support with upfront costs. We will provide more details soon.

The Government has reformed planning rules to make it easier to install heat pumps under permitted rights, and we’re working with industry to reduce costs, which have fallen by around 11% in real terms since BUS launched in 2022.

My hon. Friend is absolutely right. The central fact that we cannot get away from is that we are price takers not price makers when it comes to oil and gas, and that is the fundamental contradiction at the heart of where the Opposition are. We are going to drive further and faster on clean power, including electrification across the economy. Indeed, customers are already better protected as a result of the renewables in our system, but we must go further and faster.

The two renewables auctions under this Government have secured power for the equivalent of 23 million homes, and we are embarked on the biggest nuclear building programme for 50 years. The war in Iran shows that we need to go further and faster, so we will open our next renewables auction next month. We recently signed contracts for a fleet of Rolls-Royce small modular reactors. Clean power is already reducing wholesale electricity prices by up to a quarter, and those steps will do more to protect families and businesses across our country.

We expect most households to be able to consume the majority of electricity generated themselves.

However, any excess electricity generated from plug-in solar panels would be automatically exported to the grid.

The UK benefits from a diverse and resilient fuel supply chain and remains well supplied across all hydrocarbon fuels for transport, including road, maritime, and aviation sectors. The Government is working closely with industry to monitor supply, demand, and market conditions.

The Government has assessed the possible impacts of electricity market reform via the Review of Electricity Market Arrangements. Last year, it was confirmed that Great Britain will continue with a single, national wholesale electricity market using marginal pricing. Rather than fundamentally separating electricity prices from gas, the Reformed National Pricing Delivery Plan prioritises targeted reforms to reduce consumer costs while maintaining a secure, affordable and efficient electricity system. Key measures include better siting and investment signals, reduced network constraint costs, and more effective balancing. The Delivery Plan includes an assessment framework and will be underpinned by analysis and evidence.

As a member of the International Energy Agency (IEA), the UK holds emergency oil stocks of 90 days of net imports. The UK’s participation in the co-ordinated IEA release of 400 million barrels of oil stocks in response to the Middle-east conflict is a sensible and measured step to support global oil market stability.

The Secretary of State is in regular and close contact with key international partners, to ensure a coordinated international response and functioning markets

The Government is driving further and faster for clean homegrown power that we control to protect the British people and bring down bills for good.

The Resilience Action Plan sets out the Government’s strategic approach to how we will strengthen our domestic resilience and invest to protect the nation. Department for Energy Security & Net Zero officials regularly attend meetings to discuss the implementation of the Resilience Action Plan as well as matters of national security and defence.

The Department for Energy Security & Net Zero is actively contributing to this work. This is part of the Energy Security & Resilience Directorate's portfolio, with the Deputy Director for Energy Resilience responsible for leading our response.

Officials from the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero regularly attend meetings to discuss matters of national security, defence and resilience as well as the associated public communications required to deliver these lines of efforts. The conversation on National Defence was a recommendation in the 2025 Strategic Defence Review (SDR), which the Government accepted. The Ministry of Defence is the lead department for delivering the SDR, with support from the Cabinet Office, and particularly from the National Security Secretariat.

As set out in the Strategic Defence Review, the national conversation will be a multi-year, cross-departmental effort designed to deliver on the whole-of-society approach to national security and defence allowing Government, the private sector and public to play their part in strengthening the UK’s resilience to any potential future shocks. This work addresses the risks and threats the UK faces, including those below and above the threshold of an armed attack.

The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero is actively supporting this work, with the Director for Energy Security and Resilience engaging closely with domestic and international partners, to monitor threats to energy infrastructure in the UK and abroad, share situational awareness, and identify trends that may have implications for national security.

My right hon. Friend the Secretary of State has regular discussions with officials, external experts and ministerial colleagues on a range of issues, including national security, defence and resilience.

The Home Defence Programme was established in August 2024 to build the UK’s resilience to any potential escalation to conflict. It is an evolving and enduring programme of work which provides defence, security and resilience planning, focused on aligning military and civil effort in the event of a period of crisis and international hostilities affecting the UK, informed by and reflecting the recommendations from government strategies, including the Strategic Defence Review, National Security Strategy and Resilience Action Plan.

The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero is actively supporting this work.

My Rt Hon Friend the Secretary of State has regular discussions with officials, external experts and ministerial colleagues on a range of issues, including national security, defence and resilience, and associated public communications.

As set out in the Strategic Defence Review, the national conversation will be a multi-year engagement designed to embed a whole-of-society approach, where Government, businesses, and the public all play a part in strengthening our resilience. This addresses the risks we face, including threats below and above the threshold of an armed attack.

The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero is actively supporting this work.

The government is committed to reducing emissions from high carbon products and will continue to bring forward proposals to do so. For example, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) is assessing the potential for voluntary ecolabels. Ecolabels provide information on the carbon intensity and environmental impact of products and services, to help inform consumers’ purchasing decisions.

The Committees of Advertising Practice and Advertising Standards Authority regulate the content and targeting of advertising in the UK, and the advertising codes include rules on environmental claims. The ASA system operates independently of the government.

The Secretary of State has regular discussions with Cabinet colleagues on a range of issues, including on how we deliver our mission to make Britain a clean energy superpower.

The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero does not have a designated post of Chief Risk Officer. Instead, the role is assigned to the SCS who manage the departmental risk team and, therefore, are responsible for the development and implementation of department’s Risk and Issue Management Framework, in line with government’s Orange Book.

The Permanent Secretary is responsible for the risks DESNZ owns in the National Security Risk Assessment (NSRA). DESNZ is the Lead Government Department for 16 of the 122 risk scenarios in the current NSRA cycle.

The majority of the costs of constraints are driven by turning on expensive gas plants to replace curtailed generation. The current extent of grid constraints reflects years of underinvestment, with new network infrastructure development having lagged the expansion of new generation.

We are already taking action to reduce constraints, with the biggest upgrade to Great Britain’s electricity network in decades, which will also help deliver clean power by 2030.

Upgrading the grid is not a choice, it needs to happen to make sure the grid stays resilient and to get power from where it is generated to where it is needed, so we can connect homes, businesses and industry to generate growth.

The Department for Energy Security & Net Zero does not directly hold information on payments to wind farm operators to curtail electricity generation. NESO publishes annually a report on balancing costs. The 2025 Balancing cost report provides information on all balancing costs including constraints. In 2024/25, wind generators were paid a total of £370 million to turn down, i.e. to generate less power. Conversely, the cost of actions to turn-up gas plants to replace curtailed generation was £910 million.

Civil preparedness and national energy security are central to the Government’s resilience agenda. As we transition to Net Zero, we are working with Cabinet colleagues and industry to ensure that technologies such as domestic solar panels, home battery storage and energy efficiency measures contribute to a secure, resilient energy system and support household preparedness.

As set out in the National Security Strategy (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-security-strategy-2025-security-for-the-british-people-in-a-dangerous-world) and the Resilience Action Plan

(https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-government-resilience-action-plan) driving a conversation on risk and preparedness with the public is crucial. The forthcoming Energy Resilience Strategy will include proposals for how Government will work with wider society, in addition to the energy sector and partners in other critical sectors, to address the risks and challenges facing the energy system.

Desnz does not hold a centralised record of the number of officials who were investigated under the Department’s disciplinary processes.

The Government is determined to increase the share of renewables on the system so that the electricity price is set by cheaper clean power sources rather than gas. Every wind turbine we switch on and solar panel we deploy helps push gas off as the price setter.

Government support, such as the Contracts for Difference scheme has been highly successful in driving investment in renewable electricity and our Clean Power 2030 Mission is focused on accelerating this transition to a renewable power system. This will help reduce reliance on gas and protect consumers from volatile fossil fuel prices.

Accelerating solar deployment is a key part of the Government’s clean energy mission. As set out in the recently published Solar Roadmap, solar capacity will need to rise to 45-47GW by 2030.

Since the Government took office, UK solar capacity has increased from 17.8GW (July 2024) to 19.1GW (July 2025).

The Government does not hold precise figures for rooftop solar deployment. However, UK solar capacity from installations smaller than 50kW has risen from 6.3GW (July 2024) to 7.2GW (July 2025).