On 10 July 2026, the Animals in Science Regulation Unit carried out an announced visit to MBR Acres to inspect compliance with the requirements of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA) following the recent period of high temperatures in Great Britain. No immediate animal welfare concerns were identified by inspectors on the day of the visit.

Under ASPA, licensed establishments are responsible for ensuring the welfare of animals in their care at all times, including during extreme temperatures. All such establishments must comply with ASPA, the Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Animals Bred, Supplied or Used for Scientific Purposes, and relevant licence conditions. This includes requirements for daily checks of animal welfare and environmental conditions, and for breaches or potential breaches of licence conditions to be reported to the Secretary of State.

Although scientific procedures involving dogs increased by 9% in 2025, the number remains low by historical standards, with only 2024 reporting a lower figure. Overall, the use of dogs in science has declined over the past decade.

Dogs are used only where necessary and justified under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA). This is most commonly in regulatory safety testing to assess the safety and efficacy of medicines and other products, where no suitable non-animal alternative is available. The number of procedures requiring dogs may increase or decrease from year to year largely due to changes in regulatory testing requirements, scientific and public health priorities and the availability of suitable non-animal alternatives.

The Government’s Replacing animals in science strategy, published in November 2025 and backed by £75 million, contains measures to accelerate the development, validation and uptake of alternative methods. These measures, together with continuing regulatory scrutiny and independent advice from the Animals in Science Committee, will support further replacement, reduction and refinement of animal procedures.

Animal welfare groups such as the RSPCA and Dogs Trust provide helpful advice on how to look after dogs in hot weather, often promoted online and through media outlets. Advice includes keeping dogs in the shade where possible, keeping dogs hydrated, testing the temperature of pavements with one’s hand before walks and encouraging safe, supervised play with water, such as in paddling pools.

In extreme cases, where an owner is endangering the health or welfare of their dog, local authorities have powers to investigate allegations of animal cruelty or poor welfare.

ASRU maintains regular engagement with MBR Acres as part of its ongoing oversight of establishments licenced under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA). This includes updates on operational matters and environmental conditions, including temperature monitoring, to ensure that appropriate standards of animal welfare are maintained.

Daily checks by competent personnel are mandated under licence conditions to monitor animal welfare and environmental conditions, with prompt action required to address any issues. Establishment are also required to report any breaches or potential breaches of licence conditions to the Secretary of State.

ASRU has released a number of inspection reports for MBR Acres, which found no evidence of non-compliance with the requirements of ASPA, associated licence conditions, or the Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Animals Bred, Supplied or Used in scientific Procedures.

Current pet travel arrangements preserve the UK’s high standards of biosecurity and animal welfare.

Operational arrangements at airports in Great Britain mean that most pets must travel in the hold to ensure that the necessary import checks are carried out. The only animals that are authorised to travel in the cabin of a commercial aircraft into Great Britain are Recognised Assistance Dogs.

Where animals are transported in the hold, there are rigorous requirements in place to make sure that their welfare needs are met during transport. Carriers must make sure that air quality and quantity, temperature and pressure is maintained whilst the animals are onboard. The length of journey determines how much food and water must also be provided. Stringent requirements are also in place for pet transport containers under the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Live Animals Regulations (LAR), with space and ventilation concerns paramount.

The Home Office does not hold information centrally on the number of animals supplied by particular establishments that are used in specific studies, including those supporting international research projects or regulatory submissions to overseas regulators. The Department has therefore not made a specific assessment of beagles supplied for these purposes.

All regulated procedures carried out in the United Kingdom are subject to the requirements of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA), regardless of whether the resulting data is submitted to UK or overseas regulators. ASPA provides a strict framework of licencing and compliance controls. This requires licenced establishments to maintain accurate records, including the source of animals used in regulated procedures. Records may be examined by the Home Office Regulator as part of its inspection and audit activity.

The Home Office publishes annual statistics on the use of animals in science which contain information on the number of procedures conducted but not disaggregated by establishment. Annual statistics can be found at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/scientific-procedures-on-living-animals-great-britain-2024.

The Government considers that the existing framework provides robust oversight and does not plan to introduce additional regulations in this area.

The Home Office does not hold information centrally on the number of animals supplied by particular establishments that are used in specific studies, including those supporting international research projects or regulatory submissions to overseas regulators. The Department has therefore not made a specific assessment of beagles supplied for these purposes.

All regulated procedures carried out in the United Kingdom are subject to the requirements of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA), regardless of whether the resulting data is submitted to UK or overseas regulators. ASPA provides a strict framework of licencing and compliance controls. This requires licenced establishments to maintain accurate records, including the source of animals used in regulated procedures. Records may be examined by the Home Office Regulator as part of its inspection and audit activity.

The Home Office publishes annual statistics on the use of animals in science which contain information on the number of procedures conducted but not disaggregated by establishment. Annual statistics can be found at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/scientific-procedures-on-living-animals-great-britain-2024.

The Government considers that the existing framework provides robust oversight and does not plan to introduce additional regulations in this area.

The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA) provides robust protections for animals, including dogs, bred for use in scientific procedures. Establishments licensed under ASPA must comply with the Act and the Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Animals Bred, Supplied or Used for Scientific Purposes (www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-practice-for-the-housing-and-care-of-animals-bred-supplied-or-used-for-scientific-purposes) which sets standards for the accommodation, care, monitoring and veterinary oversight of the animals.

Licensed establishments are also required to have key named individuals in place, including veterinary surgeons and animal welfare officers, who are responsible for the health, care and welfare of animals and for advising on their use before and during regulated procedures. Establishments must operate local ethical review processes to provide ongoing oversight of animal welfare, review care and housing arrangements, and ensure that licence conditions are met.

Compliance is assured through a programme of announced and unannounced audits from the Regulator (the Animals in Science Regulation Unit – ASRU). Any instances of non-compliance are taken seriously and addressed in accordance with ASRU’s published compliance policy, which provides for a range of regulatory responses, including enforcement action where appropriate.

In 2025, ASRU implemented organisational reforms to strengthen delivery of its regulatory functions including increasing the size of its inspectorate, further enhancing oversight of animal protections across licensed establishments.

The Government has no current plans to conduct a separate review of licensing conditions for commercial breeders, as these are already set and enforced within this robust regulatory framework.

As part of the Animal Welfare Strategy, the Government has committed to launch a consultation on dog breeding reform to improve the health and welfare of breeding dogs and their puppies. This will include proposals to improve the health and welfare standards which all licensed breeders must meet. The consultation is expected to consider a range of welfare issues, including those associated with brachycephalic dogs and extreme conformations. The Government will continue to engage with stakeholders as this develops.

Licensed establishments are responsible for maintaining records on the source, use and final disposal of protected animals bred, kept or used for regulated procedures.

Under Standard Condition 8 of the Establishment Licence, all licensed establishments those records must be kept in a format acceptable to the Secretary of State. Compliance is checked through announced and unannounced audits by the Home Office Regulator. MBR Acres was most recently audited in November 2025, when inspectors reviewed the establishment’s records, including those relating to the source, use and disposal of animals. The Home Office does not hold this data centrally.

The Home Office publishes annual statistics on the use of animals in scientific procedures. The annual statistics can be found at:

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/scientific-procedures-on-living-animals-great-britain-2024/annual-statistics-of-scientific-procedures-on-living-animals-great-britain-2024

The Home Office does not hold data on the number of animals bred by individual establishments. Responsibility for recording such information rests with the licensed establishments themselves.

Under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, licensed establishments are required to maintain records, in a format acceptable to the Secretary of State, of the source, use and final disposal of all protected animals bred, kept or used at the establishment for regulated activity.

The Home Office publishes annual statistics on the use of animals in scientific procedures, which include information on procedures involving dogs. In addition, project licence applications under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 are required to include prospective estimates of the number of animals expected to be used. This information is included in the published non-technical summaries of project licences granted available at:

https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/non-technical-summaries-of-projects-granted-under-aspa.

Dog breeders licensed under the Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) Regulations are prohibited from breeding dogs if it can be reasonably expected that on the basis of their genotype, phenotype or health, this would lead to welfare problems for the mother or the puppies.

In the Animal Welfare Strategy, the Government committed to launch a consultation on dog breeding reform to improve health and welfare, and also to improve understanding of the size, scale and current management practices related to cat breeding, and consider any further steps which may improve welfare practices in the cat breeding sector.

The strategy was developed following engagement with key stakeholders and consideration of sector evidence, such as the Animal Welfare Committee’s reports on canine and feline breeding practices.

Defra works with a range of sector organisations who are raising public awareness of the health risks associated with brachycephalic animals. This includes via tools such as the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare’s Innate Health Assessment, Royal Kennel Club’s Respiratory Function Grading scheme assessment for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome and the Canine and Feline Sector Group Code of Practice for Dog Breeding. Many organisations have public facing campaigns to promote awareness such as Cats Protection, and the UK Brachycephalic Working Groups ‘stop and think’ campaign to prioritise health when purchasing dogs.

All project licence applications, including service licences which use specially protected species such as dogs and non-human primates, are subject to a rigorous harm-benefit analysis (HBA), required under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA). The HBA ensures that a project is only granted where a Home Office Inspector is satisfied that the likely harms to animals, including pain, suffering, distress and any lasting harm, are justified by the expected benefits for humans, animals or the environment.

Under ASPA, projects proposing the use of specially protected species may only be authorised where no animal of lower sentience can be used to achieve the scientific objectives. In all cases, the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (the 3Rs) must be fully applied. This means that animal use is permitted only where no validated alternative exists, the minimum number of animals is used, and the most refined methods are used to minimise harm.

The Home Office publishes annual statistics of scientific procedures on living animals in Great Britain, which break down procedures by species, type of procedure, and actual severity experienced by animals. They are available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistics-of-scientific-procedures-on-living-animals. Information on the severity of procedures involving NHPs and dogs is set out in Table 3.1, with severity categorised under ASPA as non-recovery, mild, moderate or severe.

Additionally, the Home Office expects to respond to recommendations from the Animals in Science Committee on the use of NHPs in service licences, which is aimed at further strengthening protections for NHPs used in science for service licences.