The Government recognises that many respiratory diseases are associated with preventable risk factors, including smoking, air pollution, occupational exposures, poor housing conditions, and delayed diagnosis.

Data published by the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities shows that the under 75 year old mortality rate from respiratory disease considered preventable in England was 19.6 deaths per 100,000 population in 2024.

The Government is taking action to reduce respiratory disease morbidity and mortality through measures that prevent disease, improve early diagnosis, and support effective treatment, including implementation of the Tobacco and Vapes Act, support for local smoking cessation services, improvements in air quality, vaccination programmes against respiratory infections, and delivery of NHS Long Term Plan commitments on respiratory disease.

NHS England's National Respiratory Programme is focused on improving outcomes for people with respiratory disease through earlier diagnosis, better disease management, and access to effective and innovative treatments. This includes improving access to quality-assured spirometry, pulmonary rehabilitation, and earlier diagnosis of conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), supported by commissioning standards and guidance for commissioners.

NHS England, working with Health Innovation Networks, has also established a multi-year Respiratory Transformation Partnership to identify scalable approaches to reducing premature mortality, improving disease recognition, supporting the consistent delivery of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommended care, and increasing access to existing and emerging biologic therapies for people living with asthma and COPD. A nationally coordinated evaluation will support evidence generation, shared learning, and future investment decisions.

My noble friend is right that it is a very small percentage. People sometimes think that solar panels are on agricultural land when in fact they are on brownfield. A very large solar development near where I live has just been given permission; it looks like it will be built on a lot of fields but, actually, it is an old mining site and brownfield.

Subject to the passage of the Health Bill, specialised services commissioned by integrated care boards (ICBs) will continue to operate within a framework of nationally-set standards, service specifications, and clinical commissioning policies to ensure consistent and equitable access to care across England.

Alongside ICB accountability for commissioning these services, the Department, through its new regional offices, will be responsible for providing oversight and assurance of both the commissioning system and the quality and performance of providers. This will include monitoring against national standards and quality and outcome metrics for different services.

In addition, ICBs will be supported in discharging their new commissioning responsibilities through seven Offices for Pan-ICB Commissioning, which aim to ensure that we maintain a critical mass of expert commissioning knowledge and the capability necessary for the effective and efficient commissioning of these important and complex areas of service provision.

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is an executive agency of the Department with responsibility for ensuring medicines meet appropriate standards of quality, efficacy, and safety.

The MHRA has plans to gather the currently available evidence on mental health and other related risks for licensed migraine prophylaxis medications, as referenced in the separate responses to questions HL1488 and HL1543. A formal timeline for this review has not yet been agreed, and consequently we are unable to provide an expected completion date at this stage.

The MHRA is committed to communicating any findings that may have implications for patient safety or the safe use of medicines. The MHRA will sometimes issue communications, such as drug safety updates, after the conclusion of a review. However, the review is at an early stage, and it would be premature to comment on any potential communication plans. In addition, any product information changes that may arise as a result of this review would be reflected in the published product information available at locations such as the MHRA website or the Electronic Medicines Compendium website.

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is an executive agency of the Department with responsibility for ensuring medicines meet appropriate standards of quality, efficacy, and safety.

The MHRA has plans to gather the currently available evidence on mental health and other related risks for licensed migraine prophylaxis medications, as referenced in the separate responses to questions HL1488 and HL1543. A formal timeline for this review has not yet been agreed, and consequently we are unable to provide an expected completion date at this stage.

The MHRA is committed to communicating any findings that may have implications for patient safety or the safe use of medicines. The MHRA will sometimes issue communications, such as drug safety updates, after the conclusion of a review. However, the review is at an early stage, and it would be premature to comment on any potential communication plans. In addition, any product information changes that may arise as a result of this review would be reflected in the published product information available at locations such as the MHRA website or the Electronic Medicines Compendium website.

The National Cancer Plan sets out a whole-system approach to improving outcomes for all cancers, including brain tumours, with a focus on earlier diagnosis, faster access to treatment, research and innovation, patient experience, and survival. The plan's overarching ambition is that three in four people diagnosed with cancer will survive for five years or more by 2035.

The Government is also strengthening support for brain tumour research. In January 2026, the NIHR announced increased investment of more than £25 million in the NIHR Brain Tumour Research Consortium, which aims to accelerate the development of new treatments and improve outcomes for adults and children with brain tumours.

The Department continues to work closely with NHS England, the NIHR, and other partners to deliver the commitments set out in the National Cancer Plan and to support improvements in outcomes for people affected by brain tumours.

I have to vary a bit on that point from my noble friend, who I know brings a tremendous interest to this area. It is right that local services are locally provided, but I do not accept the analysis that this is handing it over to an unaccountable local provision. I outlined to the noble Lord, Lord Harper, the specifics of accountability. All the actions that are identified in the inquiry’s report will make major progress. I assure my noble friend that we will keep this continually under review. I am sure that there are always improvements that we can make, and we are committed to doing so.

There is no statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors to be registered with an organisation that holds a voluntary accredited register with the Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care (PSA). Organisations that hold registers that are accredited by the PSA are independent, representative bodies and as such, they do not fall under Government oversight. Any decisions about the practise requirements for the professions they represent are a matter for those organisations and their members.

The Government would encourage anyone accessing psychotherapy and counselling services to choose a professional that is a member of a statutorily regulated profession or registered with a voluntary accredited register listed on the PSA website.

The Department has no current plans to extend statutory regulation to the counselling and psychotherapy professions.

Government responsibility for delivering cancer research is shared between the Department of Health and Social Care, with research delivered by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, with research delivered via UK Research and Innovation.

The Department of Health and Social Care’s investment in the NIHR facilitates the direct funding of research projects through NIHR programmes, support for researchers to develop and conduct research through NIHR translational infrastructure, and a workforce to deliver research on behalf of other funders through NIHR research delivery infrastructure.

The following table shows the amount the Department, through the NIHR, committed to research for oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma between the financial years 2015/16 to 2024/25:

As NIHR infrastructure primarily funds staff and National Health Service support costs for research delivery, the spend is not directly attributable to specific research studies for the most part, but an estimate is derived based on the number of studies in brain tumour research against the annual infrastructure spend, and is included in the above figures.

The data does fluctuate due to changes such as contract variations and updated information regarding financial reconciliations and support activity.

A breakdown of the percentage of the total research expenditure is not available. This is because much of the NIHR’s investments are for cross-cutting cancer research activities within the NHS and wider health and care system, including research facilities and workforce, known as NIHR infrastructure. In addition, the NIHR cancer research portfolio contains non-specific brain cancer research projects, which will add to the evidence base for the different types of tumours.

The NIHR continues to welcome high-quality applications for research into any aspect of human health and care, including brain cancer. These applications are subject to peer review and judged in open competition, with awards being made on the basis of the importance of the topic to the public and health and care services, value for money, and scientific quality.

The Government understands that some of the data described in UK Biobank's statement from 28th April would be in scope of the Government's recent guidance on safeguarding UK human genomic data, however it is for the Information Commissioner's Office to determine if this may be potentially identifiable data. UK Biobank’s dataset is critical in supporting scientific discoveries that improve patient health, and we expect UK Biobank to remain one of the leading health research resources. Government continues to engage with Biobank to ensure that they are working to both protect the data of participants while ensuring that researchers who have a legitimate need to use the datasets can once again resume their research as soon as possible.

My noble friend raises several significant and important matters and explains that some schools have already broken up. We fully recognise the frustration and inconvenience this delay has caused for schools, pupils, families and, as he rightly says, teachers. Schools should expect results to be delivered to the published timetable. We are exploring all options for recourse, including financial penalties and termination of the contract. As I have said, the Secretary of State has confirmed there will be a full independent review. I can confirm that, as the Secretary of State announced today, it will be led by Dame Christine Gilbert, currently chair of Ofsted. Of course, further details and terms of reference will be set out shortly.