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To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the research published by PSE Healthy Energy and Stanford University in Environmental Research Letters on 25 March on the harmfully high levels of benzene measured in UK homes emitted by gas cooktops.

Asked by

Baroness Whitaker (Labour)

Answering body

Department of Health and Social Care

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

14 April 2026

Reference

HL16128

House

House of Lords

Sea King Helicopters: Exhaust Emissions

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, pursuant to the Answer of 21 April 2023 to Question 177951 on Sea King Helicopters: Exhaust Emissions, whether the literature on benzene exposure in general and multiple myeloma relates to the benzene contained in Sea King helicopter fumes.

Asked by

Luke Pollard (Labour; Co-operative Party)

Answering body

Ministry of Defence

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

3 May 2023

Reference

182942

House

House of Commons

Air Quality Standards Regulations 2007

SI 2007/64 (Negative instrument) . Together with an explanatory memorandum from the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. Coming into force 15 February 2007.

Department

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Statutory instruments

Date

18 January 2007

Reference

SI 2007/64

House

House of Commons; House of Lords

Deposited Paper DEP 06/1661

Consultation on draft UK report to the European Commission regarding plans and programmes to achieve limit values set by the First Air Quality Daughter Directive (1999/30/EC) foin 2004. 63 p.

Deposited by

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Deposited papers

Date

14 September 2006

Reference

DEP 06/1661

House

House of Commons

The air quality strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: a consultation document on options for further improvements in air quality. Vol. 2 - technical annex and regulatory impact assessment. 240p.

Type

Impact assessments

Date

25 April 2006

Reference

HINF 2006/830

Benzene Contamination

To ask the Secretary of State for Health what recent discussions (a) her Department and (b) the Food Standards Agency has had with the Food and Drug Administration in the United States on the levels of benzene in soft drinks; and if she will make a statement.

Asked by

Lord Lansley (Conservative)

Answering body

Department of Health

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

16 March 2006

Reference

58566; 443 c2474W;443 c2474W

House

House of Commons

Benzene

To ask the Secretary of State for Health what assessment she has made of (a) nutrient levels in organic baby foods and (b) the incidence of benzene in drinks marketed for children.

Asked by

Chris Ruane (Labour)

Answering body

Department of Health

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

14 March 2006

Reference

56990; 443 c2185-6W;443 c2185-6W

House

House of Commons

Soft Drinks (Benzene)

To ask the Secretary of State for Health what discussions she has had with the Food Standards Agency regarding levels of benzene in soft drinks; whether she plans to introduce a maximum permissible limit for the quantity of benzene found in soft drinks; whether such a limit has existed in...

Asked by

Lord Lansley (Conservative)

Answering body

Department of Health

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

14 March 2006

Reference

57724; 443 c2200W;443 c2200W

House

House of Commons

Deposited Paper DEP 05/1429

I. Consultation paper on UK's plans and programmes to meet limit values set in Directive 1999/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air. 19 p. II. Report to the...

Deposited by

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Consultation papers; Deposited papers

Date

10 November 2005

Reference

DEP 05/1429

House

House of Commons

Dept for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what the concentration of (a) nitrogen dioxide, (b) sulphur dioxide and (c) benzene in Leicester has been in each year since 1997.

Asked by

Parmjit Singh Gill (Liberal Democrat)

Answering body

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

21 March 2005

For answer on

4 April 2005

Answered on

4 April 2005

Mr. Gill: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what the concentration of (a) nitrogen dioxide, (b) sulphur dioxide and (c) benzene in Leicester has been in each year since 1997. [223643] Alun Michael: The table shows annual mean concentrations (in micrograms per metre cubed) for nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide from 1997 to 2004 measured by the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) air monitoring site in Leicester. There are no measurements of benzene in Leicester. The table includes measurements from Birmingham, East (1997 to 2000) and Birmingham Roadside (2002-04). These are the nearest benzene monitors to Leicester. Annual mean concentrations for nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide, measured by the Automatic Urban and Rural Network air monitoring site in Leicester, and for benzene measured at Birmingham, East (1997 to 2000) and Birmingham Roadside (2002-04) Micrograms per metre cubed _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Nitrogen dioxide Sulphur dioxide Benzene 1997 41 10 3.3 1998 40 10 2.8 1999 41 9 2.4 2000 34 7 1.4 2001 35 9 -- 2002 35 6 3.4 2003 37 6 3.8 2004 37 4 3.2 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. All historic and current air quality measurements from the AURN are published at www.airquality.co.uk

Date

4 April 2005

Reference

432 c1149W; 223643

House

House of Commons

Dept for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what the concentration was of (a) nitrogen dioxide, (b) sulphur dioxide and (c) benzene in each (i) London borough and (ii) London ward in each of the last five years.

Asked by

Baroness Teather (Liberal Democrat)

Answering body

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

28 February 2005

For answer on

10 March 2005

Answered on

10 March 2005

Sarah Teather: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what the concentration was of (a) nitrogen dioxide, (b) sulphur dioxide and (c) benzene in each (i) London borough and (ii) London ward in each of the last five years. [212379] Alun Michael: There are extensive networks of automatic and non-automatic air monitors in London. Air quality is not measured for these pollutants in each London borough and ward. Table 1 summarises the minimum (min) and maximum (max) annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and benzene across London in each of the last five years. The information is collected by Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN), the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). Historic and current data from the AURN and LAQN networks can be found at: AURN: http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/index.php LAQN: http://www.londonair.org.uk/london/asp/home.asp Table 1: Range of annual mean concentrations in micrograms per metre cubed across London by year and pollutant (1997-2004) _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Pollutant Benzene Nitrogen dioxide Sulphur dioxide Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum 1997 3.38 5.67 35 74 9 20 1998 2.68 12.79 32 92 7 19 1999 2.52 10.77 32 93 4 13 2000 1.58 6.29 28 121 4 15 2001 4.55 4.55 29 119 4 14 2002 -- -- 25 122 3 13 2003 3.33 3.33 28 107 24 183 2004 2.48 2.48 24 183 3 21 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Note: Data for 2004 are provisional. No data are available for benzene for 2002. The number of sites used in the analysis varies each year as networks change. The minimum and maximum annual mean benzene figures presented in the table are the same for 2001, 2003 and 2004 because only a single site was operational for that pollutant in London during those years. Table 2 summarises nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by the UK nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube network in London since 1999. Average minimum and average maximum concentrations are presented for all roadside and background locations. A detailed table showing information for the London boroughs in which the diffusion tubes are located is available from the Air Quality Archive at: http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/reports/reports. php?report id=309 . Table 2: Minimum and maximum annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations are in micrograms per metre cubed over London by year at both roadside and background locations _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Minimum roadside annual Maximum roadside annual Minimum background Maximum background mean mean annual mean annual mean 1999 34 80 21 64 2000 29 66 22 47 2001 31 87 20 42 2002 28 77 16 43 2003 38 101 23 67 2004 31 97 19 71 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Note: Data for 2004 are provisional. Data for December 2004 are not yet available.

Date

10 March 2005

Reference

431 c1921-4W;431 c1913-6W; 212379

House

House of Commons

Dept for Transport

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what progress his Department has made on the joint Public Service Agreement target to improve rural air quality by meeting the National Air Quality Strategy objectives for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particles, sulphur dioxide, benzene and 1-3 butadiene. - Inc ref to...

Asked by

Viscount Thurso (Liberal Democrat)

Answering body

Department for Transport

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

1 December 2004

Reference

201207; 428 c119W

House

House of Commons

Regulatory impact assessment and transposition note on the Air Quality Limit Values (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2004 that implement Council Directive 2003/35/EC providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment. 9 p. DEFRA. 2004.

Type

Impact assessments

Date

12 November 2004

Reference

DEFRA

Air Quality Limit Values (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2004

SI 2004/2888 (Negative instrument). Coming into force 3 December 2004.

Department

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Statutory instruments

Date

9 November 2004

Reference

SI 2004/2888

House

House of Commons; House of Lords

Deposited Paper Dep 04/1854

Tables showing levels of atmospheric emissions from transport for each year from 1992 to 2002, broken down by type of emission and type of transport. DEFRA. 2004.

Deposited by

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Deposited papers

Date

14 October 2004

Reference

Dep 04/1854

House

House of Lords; House of Commons

Whitty, Lord

Whether they will publish the figures for each year since 1992 for United Kingdom emissions for (a) carbon dioxide; (b) nitrogen oxide; (c) PM10S; (d) carbon monoxide; (e) volatile organics compounds; and (f) benzene, broken down by those originating from (i) industry; (ii) electrical generation; (iii) transport; and (iv) United...

Asked by

Viscount Simon (Labour)

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

13 October 2004

Reference

665 c60-2WA; HL 4278

House

House of Lords

Whitty, Lord

Whether they will publish for each year since 1992 United Kingdom emissions, broken down by those originating from (a) cars; (b) light vans; (c) heavy goods vehicles; (d) buses; (e) coaches; (f) taxis; and (g) aircraft, for (i) carbon dioxide; (ii) nitrogen oxide; (iii) PM10s; (iv) carbon monoxide; (v) volatile...

Asked by

Viscount Simon (Labour)

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Date

13 October 2004

Reference

HL 4279; 665 c61-2WA

House

House of Lords

Deposited Paper HINF 2004/1245

Transposition note: the Air Quality Limit Values Regulations 2003. DEFRA. [undated] 2004.

Deposited by

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Deposited papers

Date

14 April 2004

Reference

HINF 2004/1245

Dept for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

Asked by

Simon Hughes (Liberal Democrat)

Answering body

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

23 February 2004

For answer on

3 March 2004

Answered on

3 March 2004

Simon Hughes: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what the concentration was of (a) nitrogen dioxide, (b) sulphur dioxide and (c) benzene in each (i) London borough and (ii) London ward in each of the last five years. [156666] Alun Michael: The United Kingdom Automatic Urban and Rural Air Quality Monitoring Network currently has 22 sites in the Greater London area. Annual mean concentrations of each pollutant for each year between 1999 and 2003 for the London boroughs and London wards are given in tables 1, 2 and 3, for nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and benzene, respectively. There are a total of 33 boroughs and 785 wards (1991 ward data) in London. For nitrogen dioxide there are currently 16 London boroughs and 19 London wards that have monitoring in the national network. For sulphur dioxide there are currently 10 London boroughs and 13 London wards that have monitoring in the national network. For benzene there are currently four London boroughs and four London wards that have monitoring in the national network. Data from different sites are not necessarily directly comparable due to the different locations of the sites, for example, kerbside, roadside, background and suburban. The data for all the sites within the United Kingdom Automatic Urban and Rural Air Quality Monitoring Network are available from the National Air Quality Information Archive (www.airquality.co.uk). In addition, a number of London boroughs carry out independent monitoring which is within the London Air Quality Network. Thirty-one boroughs have nitrogen dioxide monitoring, 26 boroughs have sulphur dioxide monitoring and one borough monitors benzene. Table 1: Annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at each site in the Automatic Urban and Rural Air Quality Monitoring Network in Greater London in 1999-2003 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Highest annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentration (micrograms per metre cubed) Sites London Ward 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 borough West London Kensington Abingdon Ward 55 53 52 46 55 and Chelsea Camden Kerbside Camden Adelaide Ward 66 63 66 66 65 London Marylebone Road City of Baker Street 91 93 84 81 107 Westminster Ward London Bromley Bromley Bickley Ward 65 63 61 41 42 London Bloomsbury Camden Bloomsbury 67 59 51 -- -- Ward Hounslow Roadside Hounslow Brentford 60 52 54 58 -- Clifden Ward London Cromwell Road 2 Kensington Brompton Ward 93 88 76 72 76 and Chelsea London Southwark Southwark Browning Ward 56 52 55 47 -- Haringey Roadside Haringey Bruce Grove 51 51 48 46 53 Ward London Sutton Sutton Carshalton 34 32 35 -- -- Central Ward Southwark Roadside Southwark Consort Ward -- 63 65 58 67 London Hackney Hackney Eastdown Ward 60 51 48 47 50 London Eltham Greenwich Eltham Park 36 33 34 30 38 Ward London Wandsworth Wandsworth Fairfield 51 49 53 52 62 Ward Tower Hamlets Roadside Tower Hamlets Holy Trinity 70 65 69 61 67 Ward London Bexley Bexley North End 37 35 36 31 37 Ward London Lewisham Lewisham Rushey Green 54 -- -- 50 58 Ward London North Kensington Kensington St. Charles 46 40 42 40 45 and Chelsea Ward London Brent Brent St. Raphael's 37 36 37 29 32 Ward Sutton Roadside Sutton Sutton 43 40 44 -- -- Central Ward London Teddington Richmond upon Teddington 32 28 29 25 28 Thames Ward London A3 Roadside Kingston Upon Tolworth 59 55 54 58 73 Thames South Ward London Bridge Place, London City of Victoria Ward 63 -- -- 43 52 Westminster Westminster London Hillingdon Hillingdon Yiewsley Ward -- 48 46 45 54 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Table 2: Annual mean sulphur dioxide concentrations at each site in the Automatic Urban and Rural Air Quality Monitoring Network in Greater London in 1999-2003 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Highest annual mean sulphur dioxide concentration (micrograms per metre cubed) Sites London Ward 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 borough London Marylebone Road City of Baker Street 13 15 12 10 12 Westminster Ward London Bloomsbury Camden Bloomsbury 13 11 11 7 8 Ward London Cromwell Road 2 Kensington Brompton Ward 12 8 7 7 6 and Chelsea London Southwark Southwark Browning Ward 8 8 9 6 8 Southwark Roadside Southwark Consort Ward 10 5 7 5 6 London Eltham Greenwich Eltham Park 5 6 6 4 5 Ward London Bexley Bexley North End 7 7 7 8 10 Ward London Lewisham Lewisham Rushey Green 8 -- -- 4 6 Ward London North Kensington Kensington St. Charles 6 6 6 4 5 and Chelsea Ward London Brent Brent St. Raphael's 4 4 4 3 4 Ward Sutton Roadside Sutton Sutton 8 9 9 -- -- Central Ward London Teddington Richmond upon Teddington 6 5 5 4 5 Thames Ward London Bridge Place, London City of Victoria Ward 7 -- -- 4 9 Westminster Westminster London Hillingdon Hillingdon Yiewsley Ward 10 10 9 7 8 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Table 3: Annual mean benzene concentrations at each site in the Automatic Urban and Rural Air Quality Monitoring Network in Greater London in 1999-2003 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Highest annual mean benzene concentration (micrograms per metre cubed) Sites London Ward 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 borough London Marylebone Road City of Baker Street 10.8 6.3 4.5 3.9 3.1 Westminster Ward London UCL, London Camden Bloomsbury 3.6 2.1 -- -- 1.9 Bloomsbury (pumped tube Ward data)1 London Eltham Greenwich Eltham Park 2.5 1.6 -- -- -- Ward Haringey Roadside (pumped Haringey Bruce Grove -- -- -- -- 3.0 tube data)1 Ward _________________________________________________________________________________________________. 1 Pumped tube data are collected using a non-automatic technique.

Date

3 March 2004

Reference

418 c938-40W;418 c955-8W; 156666

House

House of Commons

Dept for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what the total amount of recognised carcinogens released to the air was (a) in England and (b) broken down by Government region in each year since 1997. - Inc tables.

Asked by

Norman Baker (Liberal Democrat)

Answering body

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Type

Written questions

Status

Answered

Tabled on

12 November 2003

For answer on

10 December 2003

Answered on

10 December 2003

Norman Baker: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what the total amount of recognised carcinogens released to the air was (a) in England and (b) broken down by Government region in each year since 1997. [139191] Mr. Bradshaw: The National Atmospheric Emission Inventory (available on-line http://www.naei.org.uk/) compiles annual air pollutant emissions for the United Kingdom. The most recent year for which emissions have been calculated is 2001. Emissions of four known or probable human carcinogens are calculated: benzene, 1,3-butadiene, benzo[a]pyrene and dioxins. Table 1 shows the national annual emissions since 1997 taken from the National Atmospheric Emission Inventory. Emissions are generally calculated using statistics that are available on a national scale (e.g. fuel use). Inventory experts are gathering the regional information in order to undertake the complex process of calculating regional totals. So far, emissions for England have been calculated for 2001, but emissions for each Government region are not yet available. Table 1: UK emissions 1997 to 2001 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Units 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Benzene kt 35.8 31.7 28.7 15.7 15.4 1,3-Butadiene kt 7.3 6.4 5.9 5.1 4.5 BaP t 11.2 9.7 8.6 6.7 7.2 Dioxins gTEQ 471 411 395 346 341 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Table 2: England emissions for 2001 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Units 2001 Benzene kt 11.8 1,3-Butadiene kt 3.7 BaP t 6.1 Dioxins gTEQ 272 _________________________________________________________________________________________________. Notes: 1. BaP = benzo[a]pyrene (a carcinogen in its own right and a marker for carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air; 2. The term dioxin refers to a range of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran compounds. The emissions of dioxins are presented in terms of the sum of the weighted emissions expressed as gTEQs. TEQs weight the toxicity of the less toxic congeners as fractions of the toxicity of 2,3,7,8- TCDD, the most toxic congener.

Date

10 December 2003

Reference

139191; 415 c521-2W

House

House of Commons

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