The Department is committed to ensuring that Child Maintenance Service (CMS) decisions are made in a timely, accurate and fair manner, based on all relevant information provided by parents.

A Mandatory Reconsideration (MR) is the process by which a parent asks the CMS to review a decision. An MR may be requested at any stage during the lifetime of a case or following an unsuccessful application for child maintenance. Either parent can ask for an MR, but both parents will be asked to provide any information or evidence that they feel is relevant.

Where the CMS determines that the original decision was incorrect, or where additional relevant information is provided by a parent, the decision may be revised.

This process must be completed before a parent can appeal an appealable CMS decision to an independent tribunal administered by His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service.

The Department publishes quarterly Child Maintenance Service (CMS) official statistics. Table 9 of the latest National tables includes information on the total number of mandatory reconsideration requests received by the CMS and the outcomes occurring each quarter, and the number and percentage cleared within 28 days of receipt, from quarter ending April 2015 to quarter ending March 2026.

Table 10 of the latest National tables includes information on the total number of appeals made by parents to His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service to review a decision made by the CMS and the outcomes each quarter, from quarter ending April 2015 to quarter ending March 2026.

Information on the proportion of cases resulting in a reduction in child maintenance liability is not readily available and to provide it would incur disproportionate cost.

The Child Maintenance Service (CMS) operates on the principle that both parents have a financial responsibility towards their children. The Department keeps the operation of the CMS under review, including its charging arrangements and enforcement processes.

Collection fees were introduced to encourage compliance and contribute towards the cost of operating the service. The Government has consulted on reforms that would remove Direct Pay and introduce a revised charging structure, including lower fees (2%) for compliant parents while retaining higher charges (20%) for non-compliance. Alongside these reforms, we are improving support for Family-Based Arrangements so that parents for whom a private arrangement works well can manage maintenance outside the statutory scheme, helping to ensure that fees are only paid by those families who need the CMS's ongoing support

The CMS has a broad range of enforcement powers, including deductions from earnings and bank accounts, the use of enforcement agents, charging orders, passport and driving licence disqualification, and commitment to prison. In the year ending March 2026, the CMS collected £231 million through enforcement action, the highest amount collected through its enforcement powers.

Where a parent fails to pay, the CMS will take action to re-establish compliance and recover arrears, using the enforcement power most likely to secure money for children. The Government is also introducing Administrative Liability Orders, which will streamline the enforcement process and enable faster action against non-compliant parents.

The Child Maintenance Service takes account of a paying parent's financial position when setting arrears repayment arrangements. Whilst the aim must be to get on-going maintenance payments flowing and to recover arrears as quickly and reliably as possible, consideration is given to individual financial circumstances to ensure repayment rates are appropriate.

People who are self-employed are required to keep accurate records of their business income and expenses for tax purposes. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) can charge penalties for inaccurate reporting where it results in tax being unpaid. Information about a self-employed paying parent's income is normally obtained from HMRC.

Every year the Child Maintenance Service (CMS) conduct a review to determine what should be paid for the forthcoming year and gather new earnings information from HMRC. If a paying parent reports a change in their earnings, or challenges the income provided, CMS require a fully complete and verified Self-Assessment Tax Return, of a more current tax year than that provided previously by HMRC.

Where there is evidence that income has not been fully reflected in a child maintenance calculation, either parent may apply for a variation. Cases involving complex income, suspected misrepresentation or fraudulent behaviour may be referred to the CMS Financial Investigation Unit, which can obtain information from financial institutions to verify income and assets. Where discrepancies are identified, the CMS can recalculate maintenance and implement the correct liability in accordance with legislation.

This approach helps ensure that child maintenance calculations are based on accurate income information and that paying parents meet their responsibilities towards their children.

People who are self-employed are required to keep accurate records of their business income and expenses for tax purposes. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) can charge penalties for inaccurate reporting where it results in tax being unpaid. Information about a self-employed paying parent's income is normally obtained from HMRC.

Every year the Child Maintenance Service (CMS) conduct a review to determine what should be paid for the forthcoming year and gather new earnings information from HMRC. If a paying parent reports a change in their earnings, or challenges the income provided, CMS require a fully complete and verified Self-Assessment Tax Return, of a more current tax year than that provided previously by HMRC.

Where there is evidence that income has not been fully reflected in a child maintenance calculation, either parent may apply for a variation. Cases involving complex income, suspected misrepresentation or fraudulent behaviour may be referred to the CMS Financial Investigation Unit, which can obtain information from financial institutions to verify income and assets. Where discrepancies are identified, the CMS can recalculate maintenance and implement the correct liability in accordance with legislation.

This approach helps ensure that child maintenance calculations are based on accurate income information and that paying parents meet their responsibilities towards their children.

The Child Maintenance Service (CMS) operates on the principle that both parents have a financial responsibility towards their children. The Department keeps the operation of the CMS under review, including its charging arrangements and enforcement processes.

Collection fees were introduced to encourage compliance and contribute towards the cost of operating the service. The Government has consulted on reforms that would remove Direct Pay and introduce a revised charging structure, including lower fees (2%) for compliant parents while retaining higher charges (20%) for non-compliance. Alongside these reforms, we are improving support for Family-Based Arrangements so that parents for whom a private arrangement works well can manage maintenance outside the statutory scheme, helping to ensure that fees are only paid by those families who need the CMS's ongoing support

The CMS has a broad range of enforcement powers, including deductions from earnings and bank accounts, the use of enforcement agents, charging orders, passport and driving licence disqualification, and commitment to prison. In the year ending March 2026, the CMS collected £231 million through enforcement action, the highest amount collected through its enforcement powers.

Where a parent fails to pay, the CMS will take action to re-establish compliance and recover arrears, using the enforcement power most likely to secure money for children. The Government is also introducing Administrative Liability Orders, which will streamline the enforcement process and enable faster action against non-compliant parents.

The Child Maintenance Service takes account of a paying parent's financial position when setting arrears repayment arrangements. Whilst the aim must be to get on-going maintenance payments flowing and to recover arrears as quickly and reliably as possible, consideration is given to individual financial circumstances to ensure repayment rates are appropriate.

The Child Maintenance Service (CMS) is delivering a Modernisation Programme to improve customer access, efficiency and transparency. This includes integrated online application services, the My Child Maintenance Case (MCMC) service, which provides customers with online access to case information and payment schedules, and Customer Connect, which enables secure online communication between parents and caseworkers. Telephone and assisted digital support remain available for customers who need additional assistance.

The programme has also introduced improved digital communications, enhanced data sharing to support faster and more accurate maintenance calculations, and predictive analytics to help identify cases at risk of non-compliance, which allows us to review the cases more swiftly and take action to ensure compliance is maintained

The Department continually monitors the effectiveness of the CMS through published statistics and operational performance measures. CMS services are delivered nationally and the Department does not routinely assess effectiveness or performance at parliamentary constituency level.

The Child Maintenance Service (CMS) is delivering a Modernisation Programme to improve customer access, efficiency and transparency. This includes integrated online application services, the My Child Maintenance Case (MCMC) service, which provides customers with online access to case information and payment schedules, and Customer Connect, which enables secure online communication between parents and caseworkers. Telephone and assisted digital support remain available for customers who need additional assistance.

The programme has also introduced improved digital communications, enhanced data sharing to support faster and more accurate maintenance calculations, and predictive analytics to help identify cases at risk of non-compliance, which allows us to review the cases more swiftly and take action to ensure compliance is maintained

The Department continually monitors the effectiveness of the CMS through published statistics and operational performance measures. CMS services are delivered nationally and the Department does not routinely assess effectiveness or performance at parliamentary constituency level.

The Department has reviewed the child maintenance calculation to ensure it remains fair, reflects parents' financial circumstances and encourages compliance.

Following that review, we plan to reduce the income-change threshold from 25 per cent to 15 per cent and include unearned income within the standard calculation.

We will continue to monitor the effectiveness of our CMS provisions and consider any future evidence for change.

Safeguarding is of the utmost importance and is embedded throughout the day-to-day delivery of the Child Maintenance Service (CMS). All CMS colleagues are required to complete mandatory domestic abuse training every two years. In the intervening year, colleagues complete a knowledge check, and refresher training is provided where needed. This ensures they maintain the right skills and knowledge when dealing with customers who have experienced domestic abuse. CMS has collaborated with specialist charities and stakeholder organisations to modernise its domestic abuse training so caseworkers can better recognise coercive and controlling behaviour and signpost parents appropriately. The Department continues to work with these stakeholders to review and enhance its guidance, training and signposting resources.

All CMS staff know to refer certain cases to the dedicated Specialist Caseworker team, which provides targeted support for customers experiencing the most challenging or complex domestic abuse situations.

Once the CMS has moved a customer’s case into the Specialist Caseworker team, all inbound calls from that customer will route directly to that team. If the automated call routing cannot identify the customer, their call will go to a different team, but all caseworkers are trained to identify this and will reroute the call to the Specialist Caseworker Team.

CMS has strengthened telephony quality assurance arrangements and provided targeted training for team leaders on service standards, coaching and feedback. These measures are designed to support consistent service delivery and help ensure customers requiring specialist support are identified and transferred appropriately.

Safeguarding is of the utmost importance and is embedded throughout the day-to-day delivery of the Child Maintenance Service (CMS). All CMS colleagues are required to complete mandatory domestic abuse training every two years. In the intervening year, colleagues complete a knowledge check, and refresher training is provided where needed. This ensures they maintain the right skills and knowledge when dealing with customers who have experienced domestic abuse. CMS has collaborated with specialist charities and stakeholder organisations to modernise its domestic abuse training so caseworkers can better recognise coercive and controlling behaviour and signpost parents appropriately. The Department continues to work with these stakeholders to review and enhance its guidance, training and signposting resources.

All CMS staff know to refer certain cases to the dedicated Specialist Caseworker team, which provides targeted support for customers experiencing the most challenging or complex domestic abuse situations.

Once the CMS has moved a customer’s case into the Specialist Caseworker team, all inbound calls from that customer will route directly to that team. If the automated call routing cannot identify the customer, their call will go to a different team, but all caseworkers are trained to identify this and will reroute the call to the Specialist Caseworker Team.

CMS has strengthened telephony quality assurance arrangements and provided targeted training for team leaders on service standards, coaching and feedback. These measures are designed to support consistent service delivery and help ensure customers requiring specialist support are identified and transferred appropriately.

Safeguarding is of the utmost importance and is embedded throughout the day-to-day delivery of the Child Maintenance Service (CMS). All CMS colleagues are required to complete mandatory domestic abuse training every two years. In the intervening year, colleagues complete a knowledge check, and refresher training is provided where needed. This ensures they maintain the right skills and knowledge when dealing with customers who have experienced domestic abuse. CMS has collaborated with specialist charities and stakeholder organisations to modernise its domestic abuse training so caseworkers can better recognise coercive and controlling behaviour and signpost parents appropriately. The Department continues to work with these stakeholders to review and enhance its guidance, training and signposting resources.

All CMS staff know to refer certain cases to the dedicated Specialist Caseworker team, which provides targeted support for customers experiencing the most challenging or complex domestic abuse situations.

Once the CMS has moved a customer’s case into the Specialist Caseworker team, all inbound calls from that customer will route directly to that team. If the automated call routing cannot identify the customer, their call will go to a different team, but all caseworkers are trained to identify this and will reroute the call to the Specialist Caseworker Team.

CMS has strengthened telephony quality assurance arrangements and provided targeted training for team leaders on service standards, coaching and feedback. These measures are designed to support consistent service delivery and help ensure customers requiring specialist support are identified and transferred appropriately.

Safeguarding is of the utmost importance and is embedded throughout the day-to-day delivery of the Child Maintenance Service (CMS). All CMS colleagues are required to complete mandatory domestic abuse training every two years. In the intervening year, colleagues complete a knowledge check, and refresher training is provided where needed. This ensures they maintain the right skills and knowledge when dealing with customers who have experienced domestic abuse. CMS has collaborated with specialist charities and stakeholder organisations to modernise its domestic abuse training so caseworkers can better recognise coercive and controlling behaviour and signpost parents appropriately. The Department continues to work with these stakeholders to review and enhance its guidance, training and signposting resources.

All CMS staff know to refer certain cases to the dedicated Specialist Caseworker team, which provides targeted support for customers experiencing the most challenging or complex domestic abuse situations.

Once the CMS has moved a customer’s case into the Specialist Caseworker team, all inbound calls from that customer will route directly to that team. If the automated call routing cannot identify the customer, their call will go to a different team, but all caseworkers are trained to identify this and will reroute the call to the Specialist Caseworker Team.

CMS has strengthened telephony quality assurance arrangements and provided targeted training for team leaders on service standards, coaching and feedback. These measures are designed to support consistent service delivery and help ensure customers requiring specialist support are identified and transferred appropriately.

Children have a right to be supported by both parents. The Child Maintenance Service helps ensure that happens. Information on CMS arrangements, payment compliance and enforcement is available in the Child Maintenance Service statistics to March 2026 and through https://stat-xplore.dwp.gov.uk/.

The Department has completed a review of the child maintenance calculation. This focused on ensuring the calculation strikes the right balance between both parents, encourages compliance, and secures more money for children.

Following the review, we plan to reduce the income tolerance used for reassessments from 25 per cent to 15 per cent and include unearned income within the standard calculation.

These changes will ensure that maintenance liabilities more accurately reflect parents' full financial circumstances and that, where parents receive income from sources other than PAYE earnings, such as rental income, investments, dividends or other unearned income, their children routinely benefit from it through child maintenance calculations.

Our priority is now to take forward these targeted changes, as part of our broader programme of reforms, at the earliest appropriate opportunity to deliver meaningful improvements for the families who rely on the child maintenance system.

The Child Maintenance Service (CMS) does not routinely monitor the amount of maintenance paid by Paying Parents using Direct Pay arrangements. Receiving Parents on Direct Pay should contact the CMS if maintenance is not being paid in full, so that the case can be moved to the Collect & Pay service. For this reason, the Department does not publish regular compliance statistics for Direct Pay arrangements.

However, the Department has published Direct Pay Research which includes an assessment of compliance amongst Direct Pay users, based on a survey of service users which was carried out in early 2024.

For Collect & Pay arrangements, statistics are published quarterly. The latest figures can be found in section 6 of the most recent Child Maintenance Service statistics (data to March 2026). Please note that, while the CMS always aims to achieve full compliance, statistics quote the number of Paying Parents who pay 90% or more of their quarterly liability. This is because, for reasons relating to collection scheduling, some fully compliant Paying Parents may register in the statistics as paying slightly below 100%.