The attached table shows the number of overseas borrowers currently classified as non-compliant by the Student Loans Company (SLC), broken down by the academic year of their first student loan and their nationality.

The population includes all borrowers issued loans by Student Finance England from 2005 to 2024 which are now due for repayment and have an outstanding balance. Borrowers are included if they have any loan which is now liable to repay, they are known to be overseas and they have either defaulted in arrears or been placed in arrears as they have not provided details of their income to SLC. For borrowers in arrears, the SLC may use a debt collection agency to pursue them. Each borrower is listed only once against the year of their first student loan.

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025 are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

Use of these Debt Recovery powers is governed by the published DWP Direct Deduction and Disqualification from Driving Orders Code of Practice, which sets out the strict safeguards that must be followed before any enforcement action is taken.

All DWP debt recovery activity, including through Direct Deduction Order’s or Driving Disqualification only take place once an overpayment decision has been made and communicated to the customer. This communication includes information on mandatory reconsideration and appeal rights.

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025 are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

Use of these Debt Recovery powers is governed by the published DWP Direct Deduction and Disqualification from Driving Orders Code of Practice, which sets out the strict safeguards that must be followed before any enforcement action is taken.

All DWP debt recovery activity, including through Direct Deduction Order’s or Driving Disqualification only take place once an overpayment decision has been made and communicated to the customer. This communication includes information on mandatory reconsideration and appeal rights.

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment of debt owed to DWP from those no longer in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment, as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

In the most serious cases, and where the outstanding debt balance is at least £1000, the Debt Recovery Measure allows DWP to apply to the Magistrates court for consideration of a Disqualification from Driving Order. These powers will be used as a last resort where all other attempts to secure repayment, including recovery directly from a bank account have not been possible. A court cannot grant a disqualification order where the individual has an essential need to drive, and initially any disqualification will be suspended providing the individual maintains the repayment terms set by the court. As part of the passage of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act, detailed Impact Assessments were published and are available online here: Impact assessment published online. The Impact Assessment contains our estimate of the scale of our debtors and debt stock as well as the cost of implementing the measures along with potential savings.

We expect to publish data relating to these measures through our usual routeways for example our Annual Report and Accounts

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment of debt owed to DWP from those no longer in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment, as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

In the most serious cases, and where the outstanding debt balance is at least £1000, the Debt Recovery Measure allows DWP to apply to the Magistrates court for consideration of a Disqualification from Driving Order. These powers will be used as a last resort where all other attempts to secure repayment, including recovery directly from a bank account have not been possible. A court cannot grant a disqualification order where the individual has an essential need to drive, and initially any disqualification will be suspended providing the individual maintains the repayment terms set by the court. As part of the passage of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act, detailed Impact Assessments were published and are available online here: Impact assessment published online. The Impact Assessment contains our estimate of the scale of our debtors and debt stock as well as the cost of implementing the measures along with potential savings.

We expect to publish data relating to these measures through our usual routeways for example our Annual Report and Accounts

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment of debt owed to DWP from those no longer in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment, as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

In the most serious cases, and where the outstanding debt balance is at least £1000, the Debt Recovery Measure allows DWP to apply to the Magistrates court for consideration of a Disqualification from Driving Order. These powers will be used as a last resort where all other attempts to secure repayment, including recovery directly from a bank account have not been possible. A court cannot grant a disqualification order where the individual has an essential need to drive, and initially any disqualification will be suspended providing the individual maintains the repayment terms set by the court. As part of the passage of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act, detailed Impact Assessments were published and are available online here: Impact assessment published online. The Impact Assessment contains our estimate of the scale of our debtors and debt stock as well as the cost of implementing the measures along with potential savings.

We expect to publish data relating to these measures through our usual routeways for example our Annual Report and Accounts

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment of debt owed to DWP from those no longer in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment, as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

In the most serious cases, and where the outstanding debt balance is at least £1000, the Debt Recovery Measure allows DWP to apply to the Magistrates court for consideration of a Disqualification from Driving Order. These powers will be used as a last resort where all other attempts to secure repayment, including recovery directly from a bank account have not been possible. A court cannot grant a disqualification order where the individual has an essential need to drive, and initially any disqualification will be suspended providing the individual maintains the repayment terms set by the court. As part of the passage of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act, detailed Impact Assessments were published and are available online here: Impact assessment published online. The Impact Assessment contains our estimate of the scale of our debtors and debt stock as well as the cost of implementing the measures along with potential savings.

We expect to publish data relating to these measures through our usual routeways for example our Annual Report and Accounts

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment of debt owed to DWP from those no longer in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment, as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

In the most serious cases, and where the outstanding debt balance is at least £1000, the Debt Recovery Measure allows DWP to apply to the Magistrates court for consideration of a Disqualification from Driving Order. These powers will be used as a last resort where all other attempts to secure repayment, including recovery directly from a bank account have not been possible. A court cannot grant a disqualification order where the individual has an essential need to drive, and initially any disqualification will be suspended providing the individual maintains the repayment terms set by the court. As part of the passage of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act, detailed Impact Assessments were published and are available online here: Impact assessment published online. The Impact Assessment contains our estimate of the scale of our debtors and debt stock as well as the cost of implementing the measures along with potential savings.

We expect to publish data relating to these measures through our usual routeways for example our Annual Report and Accounts

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment of debt owed to DWP from those no longer in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment, as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

In the most serious cases, and where the outstanding debt balance is at least £1000, the Debt Recovery Measure allows DWP to apply to the Magistrates court for consideration of a Disqualification from Driving Order. These powers will be used as a last resort where all other attempts to secure repayment, including recovery directly from a bank account have not been possible. A court cannot grant a disqualification order where the individual has an essential need to drive, and initially any disqualification will be suspended providing the individual maintains the repayment terms set by the court. As part of the passage of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act, detailed Impact Assessments were published and are available online here: Impact assessment published online. The Impact Assessment contains our estimate of the scale of our debtors and debt stock as well as the cost of implementing the measures along with potential savings.

We expect to publish data relating to these measures through our usual routeways for example our Annual Report and Accounts

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment of debt owed to DWP from those no longer in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment, as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

In the most serious cases, and where the outstanding debt balance is at least £1000, the Debt Recovery Measure allows DWP to apply to the Magistrates court for consideration of a Disqualification from Driving Order. These powers will be used as a last resort where all other attempts to secure repayment, including recovery directly from a bank account have not been possible. A court cannot grant a disqualification order where the individual has an essential need to drive, and initially any disqualification will be suspended providing the individual maintains the repayment terms set by the court. As part of the passage of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act, detailed Impact Assessments were published and are available online here: Impact assessment published online. The Impact Assessment contains our estimate of the scale of our debtors and debt stock as well as the cost of implementing the measures along with potential savings.

We expect to publish data relating to these measures through our usual routeways for example our Annual Report and Accounts

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment of debt owed to DWP from those no longer in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment, as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

In the most serious cases, and where the outstanding debt balance is at least £1000, the Debt Recovery Measure allows DWP to apply to the Magistrates court for consideration of a Disqualification from Driving Order. These powers will be used as a last resort where all other attempts to secure repayment, including recovery directly from a bank account have not been possible. A court cannot grant a disqualification order where the individual has an essential need to drive, and initially any disqualification will be suspended providing the individual maintains the repayment terms set by the court. As part of the passage of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act, detailed Impact Assessments were published and are available online here: Impact assessment published online. The Impact Assessment contains our estimate of the scale of our debtors and debt stock as well as the cost of implementing the measures along with potential savings.

We expect to publish data relating to these measures through our usual routeways for example our Annual Report and Accounts

New debt recovery powers agreed by Parliament in the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act are designed to increase fairness and to more effectively and efficiently be able to recover debt from individuals who are not in receipt of benefit or suitable PAYE employment.

These powers will encourage voluntary repayment of debt owed to DWP from those no longer in receipt of benefit or in suitable PAYE employment, as well as ensuring that there is recourse for those who have the means to repay but do not.

In the most serious cases, and where the outstanding debt balance is at least £1000, the Debt Recovery Measure allows DWP to apply to the Magistrates court for consideration of a Disqualification from Driving Order. These powers will be used as a last resort where all other attempts to secure repayment, including recovery directly from a bank account have not been possible. A court cannot grant a disqualification order where the individual has an essential need to drive, and initially any disqualification will be suspended providing the individual maintains the repayment terms set by the court. As part of the passage of the Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act, detailed Impact Assessments were published and are available online here: Impact assessment published online. The Impact Assessment contains our estimate of the scale of our debtors and debt stock as well as the cost of implementing the measures along with potential savings.

We expect to publish data relating to these measures through our usual routeways for example our Annual Report and Accounts

The Department does not collect, nor hold, data on the number of prosecutions brought by train operating companies for fare evasion offences. Train operators are responsible for revenue protection activity on their services, including the use of prosecutions where appropriate and in accordance with relevant legislation.

The Department for Business and Trade (DBT) has no plans to make a specific assessment of the merits of private debt recovery practices for fuel transactions. However, the Government expects all firms to treat individuals in debt fairly and to act in a responsible manner. Under general commercial law, businesses may claim reasonable debt recovery costs and interest on late payments. The specific imposition of administration fees by private firms in fuel recovery is a commercial matter, though such fees must remain transparent and proportionate to the costs incurred.

The Government funds free, impartial debt advice for people struggling with problem debt. Individuals can use the MoneyHelper debt advice locator tool to find an advisor - https://www.moneyhelper.org.uk/en/money-troubles/dealing-with-debt/debt-advice-locator

The Department engages regularly with the train operating companies, bus operators and local transport authorities to understand and address fare evasion and its impact on public transport finances and overall passenger experience.

The Rail Delivery Group estimates that fare evasion and ticketless travel result in at least £350 to £400 million of lost revenue on the railway each year, reducing the funding available to support services and improve the passenger experience. Fare evasion on bus services similarly reduces the revenue available to sustain local networks.

Responsibility for enforcement sits with operators and local transport authorities, which deploy a range of measures, including enforcement officers and revenue protection staff, to deter fare evasion and protect revenue. On the railways, the train operators are required to undertake Ticketless Travel Surveys, which the Department uses to assess levels of fare evasion and the effectiveness of revenue protection activity. Enforcement officers play an important role in deterring deliberate evasion and supporting compliance.

The Department works with rail partners, and supports bus operators and local transport authorities, to deliver effective and proportionate approaches to enforcement that reflect local operating contexts, treat passengers fairly, and protect the income that underpins transport service.

The Department engages regularly with the train operating companies, bus operators and local transport authorities to understand and address fare evasion and its impact on public transport finances and overall passenger experience.

The Rail Delivery Group estimates that fare evasion and ticketless travel result in at least £350 to £400 million of lost revenue on the railway each year, reducing the funding available to support services and improve the passenger experience. Fare evasion on bus services similarly reduces the revenue available to sustain local networks.

Responsibility for enforcement sits with operators and local transport authorities, which deploy a range of measures, including enforcement officers and revenue protection staff, to deter fare evasion and protect revenue. On the railways, the train operators are required to undertake Ticketless Travel Surveys, which the Department uses to assess levels of fare evasion and the effectiveness of revenue protection activity. Enforcement officers play an important role in deterring deliberate evasion and supporting compliance.

The Department works with rail partners, and supports bus operators and local transport authorities, to deliver effective and proportionate approaches to enforcement that reflect local operating contexts, treat passengers fairly, and protect the income that underpins transport service.

The Department engages regularly with the train operating companies, bus operators and local transport authorities to understand and address fare evasion and its impact on public transport finances and overall passenger experience.

The Rail Delivery Group estimates that fare evasion and ticketless travel result in at least £350 to £400 million of lost revenue on the railway each year, reducing the funding available to support services and improve the passenger experience. Fare evasion on bus services similarly reduces the revenue available to sustain local networks.

Responsibility for enforcement sits with operators and local transport authorities, which deploy a range of measures, including enforcement officers and revenue protection staff, to deter fare evasion and protect revenue. On the railways, the train operators are required to undertake Ticketless Travel Surveys, which the Department uses to assess levels of fare evasion and the effectiveness of revenue protection activity. Enforcement officers play an important role in deterring deliberate evasion and supporting compliance.

The Department works with rail partners, and supports bus operators and local transport authorities, to deliver effective and proportionate approaches to enforcement that reflect local operating contexts, treat passengers fairly, and protect the income that underpins transport service.

All council taxes invoices have been correctly paid where received for Government Property Agency dwellings.