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One year after the Taliban seized power in Afghanistan the country faces a multitude of political, economic and humanitarian crises. The security situation is increasing fragile and human rights abuses, particularly of women and girls, is widely documented.
One year after the Taliban seized power in Afghanistan the country faces a multitude of political, economic and humanitarian crises. The security situation is increasing fragile and human rights abuses, particularly of women and girls, is widely documented.
Coalition forces are withdrawing from Afghanistan. The paper describes how aid has been used since 2001, progress made, and future challenges and commitments.
Coalition forces are withdrawing from Afghanistan. The paper describes how aid has been used since 2001, progress made, and future challenges and commitments.
To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the merits of including the Opium Wars in the history curriculum in order to facilitate a greater understanding of (1) the UK’s colonial history, and (2) UK–Chinese relations.
To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the merits of including the Opium Wars in the history curriculum in order to facilitate a greater understanding of (1) the UK’s colonial history, and (2) UK–Chinese relations.
The current national curriculum programmes of study for history, which have been taught since September 2014, set the framework for the teaching of the subject in maintained schools in terms of the broad time periods and themes to be taught. Academies may design and follow their own curricula.
The government does not specify what the content of lessons on particular topics should be or how teachers should present information. We trust teachers, as professionals, to plan their own lessons and select their own resources.
However, the curriculum does aim to make sure that pupils know and understand how Britain has influenced and been influenced by the wider world. Therefore, Empire and colonialism is a significant theme, and a suggested topic within the ‘challenges for Britain, Europe and the wider world 1901 to the present day’ theme is ‘Indian independence and end of Empire’.
Programmes of study also require at least one study of a significant society or issue in world history and its interconnections with other world developments. While not mandatory, a suggested topic is ‘China’s Qing dynasty 1644-1911’, which encompasses the period within which the Opium Wars took place.
The national curriculum programmes of study for history for key stages 1-3 are attached and are available here: www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-curriculum-in-england-history-programmes-of-study.
We have no current plans to change the history curriculum. In order to provide a period of stability to schools, my right hon. Friend, the Secretary of State for Education has committed to making no new changes to the national curriculum during this Parliament.
To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what acreage of land in the UK is under cultivation for the legal production of opium poppies.
To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what acreage of land in the UK is under cultivation for the legal production of opium poppies.
Defra does not hold any official statistics on the acreage of land under cultivation for the legal production of opium poppies in the UK. This information is collected under the category “crops for aromatic or medicinal use". This category includes plants such as poppies, lavender, chamomile, and plants or parts of plants used for pharmaceutical purposes, perfume manufacture or other aromatic products. As a consequence we are not able to distinguish the area of opium poppies from the other crops that fall into that category.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, how much the UK spent on tackling opium production in Afghanistan in each year since 2005; and what the cultivation area of opium in that country was in each such year.
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, how much the UK spent on tackling opium production in Afghanistan in each year since 2005; and what the cultivation area of opium in that country was in each such year.
Estimates of opium cultivation in each of the last 10 years in Afghanistan are based on the Opium Survey carried out on a yearly basis by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. The table below outlines the findings of the survey since 2005.
Year | Area of country under cultivation (in hectares) |
2005 | 104,000 |
2006 | 165,000 |
2007 | 193,000 |
2008 | 157,000 |
2009 | 123,000 |
2010 | 123,000 |
2011 | 131,000 |
2012 | 154,000 |
2013 | 209,000 |
2014 | 224,000 |
2015 | Published in Autumn 2015 |
The Government works with the Afghan authorities and international partners to target action against opium trafficking networks, rather than provide funding for programmes specifically focussed on opium production. Figures specifically relating to funding to tackle opium production are therefore not available.
I share the hon. Gentleman’s passion for ensuring that our development work in Afghanistan is effective. He will be aware that we have done a significant amount of work in relation to livelihoods and economic development both in Kabul and, critically, out in Helmand. I am happy to write to him with further details on that.
I share the hon. Gentleman’s passion for ensuring that our development work in Afghanistan is effective. He will be aware that we have done a significant amount of work in relation to livelihoods and economic development both in Kabul and, critically, out in Helmand. I am happy to write to him with further details on that.
Is it still part of DFID’s strategy to try to reduce opium production in Helmand province, and if it is, can we have an update on the progress?
Is it still part of DFID’s strategy to try to reduce opium production in Helmand province, and if it is, can we have an update on the progress?
Is it still part of DFID’s strategy to try to reduce opium production in Helmand province, and if it is, can we have an update on the progress?
I share the hon. Gentleman’s passion for ensuring that our development work in Afghanistan is effective. He will be aware that we have done a significant amount of work in relation to livelihoods and economic development both in Kabul and, critically, out in Helmand. I am happy to write to him with further details on that.
To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what assessment he has made of the effect of British intervention on the level of opium production in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, since 2001.
To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what assessment he has made of the effect of British intervention on the level of opium production in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, since 2001.
In the early years of the intervention it is clear the International Community underestimated the complexity of the problem and the length of time needed to address the drugs trade and build up the capabilities of the Afghan Government after three decades of civil war. Achieving a permanent reduction in opium cultivation will take decades; it needs a strong Afghan lead supported by effective regional and international action. Despite falls in cultivation between 2007 and 2010, the narcotics trade in Helmand remains strong and entrenched in the political, social and economic fabric of the province. Ongoing challenges of poverty, insecurity and effective rule of law continue to create the conditions where some communities are dependent on opium cultivation to survive. Helmand is particularly susceptible to this problem due to its relatively porous border with Pakistan which is exploited by smugglers, and its history of opium production. This however should not detract from the progress made in security, political participation, improvements in education and health care that have been achieved in Helmand with the support of the UK.
Significantly reducing opium production in Helmand will require a generation of effort and Afghan will. The UK will continue to support efforts to provide a viable alternative to poppy cultivation in Helmand. We will do so through the Comprehensive Agriculture and Rural Development Facility (CARD-F), which promotes legal rural employment and income opportunities by increasing the profitability of local agriculture and small business.
To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what estimate he has made of the levels of opium cultivation in the area within a 10-mile radius of Camp Bastion, Afghanistan, in each of the last three years.
To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what estimate he has made of the levels of opium cultivation in the area within a 10-mile radius of Camp Bastion, Afghanistan, in each of the last three years.
The UK does not produce its own data on Afghan poppy cultivation, but contributes funding for the UN Office Drugs and Crime (UNODC), which conducts its own annual survey of opium production and cultivation across Afghanistan's 34 provinces. While UNODC opium cultivation figures do not specifically focus on the 10-mile radius around Camp Bastion, the 2013 UNODC Opium Survey reported 19,136 hectares of opium cultivation in the district of Nad' Ali, up from 8,038 in 2012 and 5,413 hectares in 2011. This is the closest district to Camp Bastion for which cultivation figures are available.
The 2013 UNODC Opium Survey reported that with 100,693 hectares in 2013 (48% of total cultivation in Afghanistan), Helmand remains Afghanistan's single largest opium-cultivating province. Cultivation in Helmand was estimated at 65,045 hectares and 63,307 hectares in 2010 and 2011, Ongoing challenges of poverty, insecurity and effective rule of law continue to create the conditions where some communities are dependent on opium cultivation to survive.
I wish to inform the House that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, together with the Ministry of Defence and the Department for International Development, is today publishing the 33rd progress report on developments in Afghanistan since November 2013.
On 20 November, the Independent Election Commission (IEC) announced the final list of...
I wish to inform the House that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, together with the Ministry of Defence and the Department for International Development, is today publishing the 33rd progress report on developments in Afghanistan since November 2013.
On 20 November, the Independent Election Commission (IEC) announced the final list of...
My right Honourable Friend, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (William Hague), has made the following written Ministerial statement:
I wish to inform the House that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, together with the Ministry of Defence and the Department for International Development, is today publishing the thirty-third progress report...
My right Honourable Friend, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (William Hague), has made the following written Ministerial statement:
I wish to inform the House that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, together with the Ministry of Defence and the Department for International Development, is today publishing the thirty-third progress report...
To ask the Secretary of State for Defence what recent assessment he has made of the effectiveness of the presence of British forces in Helmand province, Afghanistan, in reducing the production of opium in that country.
To ask the Secretary of State for Defence what recent assessment he has made of the effectiveness of the presence of British forces in Helmand province, Afghanistan, in reducing the production of opium in that country.
The Ministry of Defence has made no formal assessment of the direct correlation between British Forces in Helmand and the production of opium in Afghanistan. The main effort of British Forces is in training, advising and assisting the Afghan security forces as they take the lead for security. Until August 2013, this included two military advisors in the Provincial Reconstruction Team (Lashkar Gah) who were involved in capacity building in the provincial Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan and Ministry of Counter Narcotics.
To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what recent assessment his Department has made of progress in reducing opium production in Afghanistan; and if he will make a statement.
[125903]
To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what recent assessment his Department has made of progress in reducing opium production in Afghanistan; and if he will make a statement.
[125903]
We are awaiting the findings of the full 2012 report. However, the UN Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) released its last opium risk assessment in April, predicting no increase in cultivation this year in the two provinces which produce the vast majority of Afghanistan's opium.
The UNODC's most recent Afghan Opium Survey, published in October 2011, reported that opium poppy cultivation rose nationally by 7% in 2011 compared to 2010. Cultivation fell by 3% in Helmand Province, the most prolific opium producing province in Afghanistan, which was the third successive annual decrease in cultivation there.
It is difficult to assess the overall levels of progress, but the UK. remains committed to supporting the Afghan Government to make progress on its National Drug Control Strategy. Together with international partners, the UK is pursuing a comprehensive approach to tackling the Afghan drugs trade which addresses security, economic and rural development, as well as law enforcement. Working with international and regional partners, for example through the Paris Pact and the Istanbul Process, we are seeking to improve cooperation on tackling the drugs trade, the trade in precursor chemicals, target illegal financial flows and reduce demand in the region and worldwide.
I wish to inform the House that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, together with the Ministry of Defence and the Department for International Development, is today publishing the 11th progress report on developments in Afghanistan. The Bonn conference on 5 December provides President Karzai with an opportunity to set out...
I wish to inform the House that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, together with the Ministry of Defence and the Department for International Development, is today publishing the 11th progress report on developments in Afghanistan. The Bonn conference on 5 December provides President Karzai with an opportunity to set out...
My right honourable friend the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (William Hague) has made the following Written Ministerial Statement. I wish to inform the House that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, together with the Ministry of Defence and the Department for International Development, is today publishing the...
My right honourable friend the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (William Hague) has made the following Written Ministerial Statement. I wish to inform the House that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, together with the Ministry of Defence and the Department for International Development, is today publishing the...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government whether the coalition strategy in Afghanistan includes trials of legal opiate poppy production.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government whether the coalition strategy in Afghanistan includes trials of legal opiate poppy production.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what are their plans for eradication of opiate poppy production in Afghanistan.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what are their plans for eradication of opiate poppy production in Afghanistan.