---

Greenhouse Gases

Answer

The following table shows historical and projected carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions in million tonnes of CO2 (MtCO2 ) for the UK, EU, USA, Russia, China, India, Japan, Brazil, and Indonesia, together with global emissions.Countries submit emission estimates to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UK, EU, USA, Russia and Japan are developed country (Annex I) Parties to the UNFCCC, and submit emissions inventories annually; the most recent year for which data are available is in general 2003. China, India, Brazil and Indonesia are developing country (non-Annex I) Parties to the UNFCCC; the most recent data they have submitted is for 1994. Annex I CO2 emissions for 1994 are provided for comparison. The data in the table cover all sectors including land-use, land-use change and forestry. Global emissions are estimated as the sum of those submitted to the UNFCCC in 1994 by 136 participating countries, including all major developed economies, plus an estimated 680 MtCO2 for emissions from international shipping and aviation which are not included in national totals under international reporting guidelines.The UK, EU, USA, and Russia have submitted projections to the UNFCCC for CO2 emissions in 2020, and Japan has submitted projections for 2010. China, India, Brazil and Indonesia have not submitted projections. UK projections are have been updated for consistency with the inventory and projections information published in January 2006. Projections to 2030 are not available for any of the countries, although the UK policy, as set out in the 2003 Energy White Paper, is to put ourselves on a path to a reduction of some 60 per cent. by 2050.

CO2 emissions including LULUCF
MtCO2
Country	1994	2003	2020
UK	559.2	559.2 (for 2004)	536.4
EU	2,963.8	3,138.3	3,238.0
US	4,327.8	5,013.5	6,763.0
Russia	1,421.9	n/a (1,297.3 in 1999)	1,180–1,430
China	2,666.0	n/a	n/a
India	793.5	n/a	n/a
Japan	1,104.6	n/a	1,183.7 (for 2010)
Brazil	1,029.7	n/a	n/a
Indonesia	333.8	n/a	n/a
Global (136 countries)	21,090	n/a	n/a
n/a = not available

The International Energy Agency provides estimates of projected emissions from use of fossil fuels which indicate, for China and India respectively, increases of about 110 per cent. and about 140 per cent. over the period 1994–2020. Fossil fuels account for the majority of CO2 emissions in China and India but do not include land-use, land-use change and forestry which in 1994 reduced emission from China by about +5 per cent. and increased those of India by about 8 per cent.For Brazil the IEA data indicate an increase of about 120 per cent. in emissions from fossil fuel use over the period 1994 to 2020; however this does not include projections of emissions from deforestation, which accounted for about three-quarters of total CO2 from Brazil in 1994. We do not have projections specific to Indonesia. In total, emissions from world fossil fuel usage, including emission from international marine and aviation, are predicted by IEA to increase by 55 per cent. between 1994 and 2020.

Secondary information

Type

Written question

Reference

48344; 442 c1353-4W;442 c1353-4W

Session

2005-06

Subjects

Air pollution Climate change Carbon dioxide

Contains statistics

Yes

Link

View this Written question on www.publications.parliament.uk