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Antidepressants: Suicide

Answer

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is responsible for ensuring medicines, medical devices and blood components for transfusion meet applicable standards of safety, quality and efficacy. The MHRA rigorously assesses available data, including from the Yellow Card scheme, and seeks advice from the Commission on Human Medicines, the MHRA’s independent advisory committee, where appropriate, to inform regulatory decisions including amending the product information.

The MHRA has received a total of 112 reports through the Yellow Card scheme for all antidepressant medications of reports of completed suicide which have been received between 1 January 2015 and 25 February 2025. The following table shows a yearly breakdown thereof:

Year received	Number of reports received
2015	11
2016	14
2017	17
2018	14
2019	7
2020	10
2021	7
2022	11
2023	6
2024	11
2025	4

Source: MHRA

Note: List of antidepressant medications included in the search were: escitalopram, citalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, venlafaxine, duloxetine, reboxetine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, dosulepin, dothiepin, doxepin, imipramine, lofepramine, nortryptiline, trimipramine, trazodone Isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, moclobemide, phenelzine, agomelatine, vortioxetine, L-tryptophan, esketamine, mianserin, mirtazapine.

It is important to note that anyone can report to the MHRA’s Yellow Card scheme and the recording of these reports in the Yellow Card database does not necessarily mean that the adverse reactions have been caused by the suspect drug. Many factors must be considered in assessing causal relationships, including temporal association, the possible contribution of concomitant medication, and the underlying disease. We encourage reporters to report suspected adverse reaction reports, the reporter does not have to be sure of a causal association between the drug and the reactions; a suspicion will suffice.

The number of reports received cannot be used as a basis for determining the incidence of a reaction, as neither the total number of reactions occurring, nor the number of patients using the drug, is known. All fatal reports including those reporting completed suicide are assessed by the MHRA and cumulative information is reviewed at regular intervals. Warnings about the risk of suicidal behaviours are contained in the product information for all licensed antidepressants and these warnings are based on causality assessments of individual case reports and the totality of evidence from clinical trials and the scientific literature.

Secondary information

Type

Written question

Reference

HL5122

Session

2024-26

Subjects

Side effects Suicide Antidepressants

Contains statistics

Yes

Link

View this Written question on www.parliament.uk