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My Lords, I remind the noble Lord that glyphosate was initially registered as a very powerful chelator, which means that it blocks out essential minerals and elements from plant systems. Secondly, it was registered as an antibiotic, so it kills off micro-organisms in the soil. Thirdly, it was registered as a weedkiller. All those factors have an effect on what we eat every day. Finland, which has a no-till policy using glyphosate, has found that over the last three years crop levels have fallen, and that there has been an increase in infertility in men and women. Will the noble Lord bear that in mind when recommending the ubiquitous use of Roundup?
My Lords, I remind the noble Lord that glyphosate was initially registered as a very powerful chelator, which means that it blocks out essential minerals and elements from plant systems. Secondly, it was registered as an antibiotic, so it kills off micro-organisms in the soil. Thirdly, it was registered as a weedkiller. All those factors have an effect on what we eat every day. Finland, which has a no-till policy using glyphosate, has found that over the last three years crop levels have fallen, and that there has been an increase in infertility in men and women. Will the noble Lord bear that in mind when recommending the ubiquitous use of Roundup?
We all need to use pesticides responsibly and carefully—all farmers are conscious of this—and we want to move to a position where we use them less, but we do need to use them. I say again that the EU, the European Food Safety Authority, the European Chemicals Agency and our own, very well respected agencies, have all said that glyphosate is considered safe to use.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, in the light of the publication of the paper Multiomics reveal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats following chronic exposure to an ultra-low dose of Roundup herbicide by Robin Mesnage et al, published in Scientific Reports on 9 January, whether they will order an independent...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, in the light of the publication of the paper Multiomics reveal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats following chronic exposure to an ultra-low dose of Roundup herbicide by Robin Mesnage et al, published in Scientific Reports on 9 January, whether they will order an independent...
The paper by Mesnage et al reports some further analysis on samples collected in a study reported in an earlier paper. Regulatory studies (which are carried out both for active substances such as glyphosate and for products such as Roundup) investigate effects on the liver and any such effects are taken into account when acceptable human exposure levels are determined. There are a number of these regulatory studies which have tested larger number of animals at much higher doses than the Mesnage et al paper and have found no adverse effects.
The Government does not therefore consider that the paper requires any regulatory action in respect of Roundup products. The European Food Safety Authority has reviewed the scientific data as part of the ongoing EU review of the approval of glyphosate and concluded that glyphosate meets all of the relevant safety standards. UK regulatory experts agree. The EU is due to decide on the approval of glyphosate later this year. If approval is given, Member States will review glyphosate products to ensure that they meet modern standards.
The Commission revised the conditions of approval of glyphosate last year. All Member States are required as a result, to ensure that glyphosate products do not contain POE-tallowamine.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, in the light of the finding that long-term consumption of ultra-low doses of Roundup causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, reported in the paper Multiomics reveal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats following chronic exposure to an ultra-low dose of Roundup herbicide by Robin...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, in the light of the finding that long-term consumption of ultra-low doses of Roundup causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, reported in the paper Multiomics reveal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats following chronic exposure to an ultra-low dose of Roundup herbicide by Robin...
The paper by Mesnage et al reports some further analysis on samples collected in a study reported in an earlier paper. Regulatory studies (which are carried out both for active substances such as glyphosate and for products such as Roundup) investigate effects on the liver and any such effects are taken into account when acceptable human exposure levels are determined. There are a number of these regulatory studies which have tested larger number of animals at much higher doses than the Mesnage et al paper and have found no adverse effects.
The Government does not therefore consider that the paper requires any regulatory action in respect of Roundup products. The European Food Safety Authority has reviewed the scientific data as part of the ongoing EU review of the approval of glyphosate and concluded that glyphosate meets all of the relevant safety standards. UK regulatory experts agree. The EU is due to decide on the approval of glyphosate later this year. If approval is given, Member States will review glyphosate products to ensure that they meet modern standards.
The Commission revised the conditions of approval of glyphosate last year. All Member States are required as a result, to ensure that glyphosate products do not contain POE-tallowamine.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government whether have made any assessment of the paper Sustainability and innovation in staple crop production in the US Midwest by Jack A Heinemann et al, published on-line in the International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability on 14 June; and, if so what assessment they have made...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government whether have made any assessment of the paper Sustainability and innovation in staple crop production in the US Midwest by Jack A Heinemann et al, published on-line in the International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability on 14 June; and, if so what assessment they have made...
This paper needs to be considered alongside the other available evidence on the impact of GM crops. On yields, it should be recognised that the current GM herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant crops are intended to facilitate weed and pest control rather than confer an intrinsic yield benefit. However, a number of other studies point to GM insect-resistant crops increasing output by reducing levels of pest damage. That includes in respect of the only major experience so far with GM cultivation in the EU, where Spanish farmers growing GM maize have had better yields than their non-GM counterparts in areas of significant pest pressure. Other evidence also suggests that GM insect-resistant crops lower pesticide usage, and that GM glyphosate-tolerant crops have a lower environmental impact than the crops they replace, because glyphosate is less toxic and more biodegradable than other herbicides.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government whether they have made any assessment of the paper Glyphosate resistance threatens Roundup hegemony by E Waltz in Nature biotechnology, 28:537–538 2010; and, if so, what assessment they have made of that paper’s analysis of the long-term requirements of genetically engineered crops for herbicides.[HL1272]
To ask Her Majesty’s Government whether they have made any assessment of the paper Glyphosate resistance threatens Roundup hegemony by E Waltz in Nature biotechnology, 28:537–538 2010; and, if so, what assessment they have made of that paper’s analysis of the long-term requirements of genetically engineered crops for herbicides.[HL1272]
The article by Emily Waltz is a commentary on one aspect of a major report by the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) on the impact of GM crops in the United States. Both the article and
the report highlight the need for effective management of herbicide-tolerant crops by farmers and the use of more diverse weed control strategies, to guard against the development of resistant weeds. It is also noted that new types of GM herbicide-tolerant crop could provide further options for weed management. The overall finding of the NAS report is that GM crops have delivered substantial net environmental and economic benefits, although it notes that the impacts have been variable and may change over time.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, in the light of evidence from the United States and Canada of a proliferation of weeds resistant to Roundup in fields planted with genetically modified Roundup resistant crops, whether they will permit Syngenta to market the genetically modified herbicide tolerant maize GA21; and, if so,...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, in the light of evidence from the United States and Canada of a proliferation of weeds resistant to Roundup in fields planted with genetically modified Roundup resistant crops, whether they will permit Syngenta to market the genetically modified herbicide tolerant maize GA21; and, if so,...
A decision on the marketing of GA21 maize seed for commercial cultivation will be taken in due course at European Union (EU) level, under the terms of Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. The Government will take a view on whether or not to support EU authorisation on the basis of the scientific evidence on the potential impact on human health and the environment. Ministers will receive independent expert advice on this from the Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment.
If GA21 maize were to receive EU clearance under the GM-related controls, it could not be grown in the UK in association with Roundup herbicide unless that specific use of Roundup is permitted under the legislation on plant protection products. As yet no application has been made for authorisation to use Roundup on GA21.
Authorisation holders for plant protection products are required to report any information relating to the development of resistance, and in the UK we have a Weed Resistance Action Group which is producing practical guidelines for resistance management and monitoring new developments in resistance. The Chemicals Regulation Directorate of the Health and Safety Executive also commissions research on this topic.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what regulations control the use of Roundup as a pre-harvest desiccant on food crops; what, if any, measurements of Roundup residues are required to be made before cereal or other harvested crops enter the food chain either as animal or human food ingredients; whether imported...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what regulations control the use of Roundup as a pre-harvest desiccant on food crops; what, if any, measurements of Roundup residues are required to be made before cereal or other harvested crops enter the food chain either as animal or human food ingredients; whether imported...
Roundup (containing the active substance glyphosate) is regulated in the UK by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. The operation of the regulation is underpinned in Great Britain by the Plant Protection Products Regulations 2011 and in Northern Ireland by the Plant Protection Products Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2011.
Authorisations for the use of Roundup are supported by data that indicate that residues (of glyphosate) expected to arise in foods or feedstuffs as a result of that use are within acceptable levels. The assessment takes into account residues that may arise in animals intended for human consumption as a result of eating treated feed.
Maximum residue levels (MRLs) are set for foods marketed in the EU, including foods imported from third countries, reflecting the highest amount of residues expected to arise from the authorised use of pesticides. It is the responsibility of those putting food and feed into the supply chain to ensure that they comply with MRLs. Those set for glyphosate in cereals and soya are as follows:
| Barley | 20.0
mg/kg |
| Buckwheat | 0.1
mg/kg |
| Maize | 1.0
mg/kg |
| Millet | 0.1
mg/kg |
| Oats | 20.0
mg/kg |
| Rice | 0.1
mg/kg |
| Rye | 10.0
mg/k |
| Sorghum | 20.0
mg/kg |
| Wheat | 10.0
mg/kg |
| Other
cereals | 0.1
mg/kg |
| Soya | 20.0
mg/kg |
Imported grain and soya have not been tested for residues under the UK’s monitoring programme for pesticide residues. However, grain grown in the UK and food products that contain wheat or soya from any country of origin and are available to UK consumers are included in the monitoring programme and are tested for residues of glyphosate. Bread is tested every year, wheat flour and soya products less frequently. In the past five years, no residues of glyphosate have been detected in these products at levels indicative of residues above the MRL in the unprocessed wheat or soya.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what assessment they have made of the paper Roundup and birth defects—Is the public being kept in the dark?; and what plans they have to ask the European Commission to withdraw their deferral of the review of glyphosate approval from 2012 to 2015, and to...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what assessment they have made of the paper Roundup and birth defects—Is the public being kept in the dark?; and what plans they have to ask the European Commission to withdraw their deferral of the review of glyphosate approval from 2012 to 2015, and to...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the Written Answers by Lord Henley on 25 October (WA 219) and 3 November 2010 (WA 406), whether any assessments have been made in the United Kingdom or the European Union of the precise formulations of Roundup herbicide rather than just the active...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the Written Answers by Lord Henley on 25 October (WA 219) and 3 November 2010 (WA 406), whether any assessments have been made in the United Kingdom or the European Union of the precise formulations of Roundup herbicide rather than just the active...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the Written Answer by Lord Henley on 25 October (WA 219), what assessment they have made of the claim that products from Roundup Ready crops are entering the food supply in the United Kingdom from abroad and that residues of Roundup are to...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the Written Answer by Lord Henley on 25 October (WA 219), what assessment they have made of the claim that products from Roundup Ready crops are entering the food supply in the United Kingdom from abroad and that residues of Roundup are to...
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what is their assessment of recent research by Professor Gilles-Eric Seralini and Professor Andres Carrasco and their teams relating to damage to health arising from the use of Roundup in genetically modified crop cultivation.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what is their assessment of recent research by Professor Gilles-Eric Seralini and Professor Andres Carrasco and their teams relating to damage to health arising from the use of Roundup in genetically modified crop cultivation.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what assessments they have made of the health and environmental effects of roundup herbicide in the precise formulations currently used on genetically modified crops.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what assessments they have made of the health and environmental effects of roundup herbicide in the precise formulations currently used on genetically modified crops.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what effect Roundup Ready genes within crops have upon the uptake of nutrients, disease resistance, physiological efficiency and drought stress.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what effect Roundup Ready genes within crops have upon the uptake of nutrients, disease resistance, physiological efficiency and drought stress.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what comparisons have been made between the availability of micronutrients, in particular iron, manganese and zinc, in animal feed from soya beans that have and have not been genetically modified; and whether the availability diminishes with each RoundupReady crop grown in the same soil.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what comparisons have been made between the availability of micronutrients, in particular iron, manganese and zinc, in animal feed from soya beans that have and have not been genetically modified; and whether the availability diminishes with each RoundupReady crop grown in the same soil.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what research has been conducted into the toxicity of glyphosate on earthworms and soil micro-organisms and their ability to increase the availability of nutrients to plants.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what research has been conducted into the toxicity of glyphosate on earthworms and soil micro-organisms and their ability to increase the availability of nutrients to plants.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what is the effect on newly planted crops on which phosphorus fertilisers are applied of the soil in which they are grown containing immobilised glyphosate used on previous crops.
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what is the effect on newly planted crops on which phosphorus fertilisers are applied of the soil in which they are grown containing immobilised glyphosate used on previous crops.
To ask Her Majesty's Government on what basis they conclude that Roundup residues are not present in genetically modified products derived from Roundup Ready varieties and that they are harmless to animals and humans.
To ask Her Majesty's Government on what basis they conclude that Roundup residues are not present in genetically modified products derived from Roundup Ready varieties and that they are harmless to animals and humans.
To ask Her Majesty's Government whether the indirect effects on all life-forms of producing herbicide-tolerant genetically modified crops and foods, including the presence of toxic chemical residues, are taken into account during the assessment and approvals process.
To ask Her Majesty's Government whether the indirect effects on all life-forms of producing herbicide-tolerant genetically modified crops and foods, including the presence of toxic chemical residues, are taken into account during the assessment and approvals process.
To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of whether commercial formulations for Roundup are safe for developing embryos in the light of recent research by Gilles-Eric Seralini et al of the University of Caen that polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), used as a surfactant, amplified the toxic effects...
To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of whether commercial formulations for Roundup are safe for developing embryos in the light of recent research by Gilles-Eric Seralini et al of the University of Caen that polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), used as a surfactant, amplified the toxic effects...
Whether VCU Herbage Group asked that the specific GM characteristics of Chardon LL maize be assessed prior to the commencement of the national list trials; if so, why this request was refused; and by whom [HL 2120].
Whether VCU Herbage Group asked that the specific GM characteristics of Chardon LL maize be assessed prior to the commencement of the national list trials; if so, why this request was refused; and by whom [HL 2120].