The state pension is liable to income tax, though pensioners are unlikely to pay tax in practice if their only income is the state pension.

The state pension is liable to income tax, though pensioners are unlikely to pay tax in practice if their only income is the state pension.

This briefing explores statistics on leasehold housing stock and transactions, in the context of ongoing reforms to the leasehold system.

This briefing explores statistics on leasehold housing stock and transactions, in the context of ongoing reforms to the leasehold system.

Pupil numbers in England are expected to decline in the coming years which would have significant policy implications in the management and funding of schools

Pupil numbers in England are expected to decline in the coming years which would have significant policy implications in the management and funding of schools

Business and consumer sentiment can give an early indication of economic trends. Find the latest data on what businesses and consumers expect for the UK economy.

Business and consumer sentiment can give an early indication of economic trends. Find the latest data on what businesses and consumers expect for the UK economy.

A Westminster Hall debate has been scheduled for 20 October on manufacturing skills. The subject for this debate has been chosen by the Backbench Business Committee and it will be opened by Richard Quigley MP.

A Westminster Hall debate has been scheduled for 20 October on manufacturing skills. The subject for this debate has been chosen by the Backbench Business Committee and it will be opened by Richard Quigley MP.

Find data for UK constituencies on the population broken down by age

Find data for UK constituencies on the population broken down by age

This paper provides statistics on household food insecurity, food bank usage and free school meals in the UK, and tracks the impact of rising living costs.

This paper provides statistics on household food insecurity, food bank usage and free school meals in the UK, and tracks the impact of rising living costs.

Short Money is allocated to opposition parties to support them in their parliamentary duties. Allocations are based on a party’s performance at the previous election.

Short Money is allocated to opposition parties to support them in their parliamentary duties. Allocations are based on a party’s performance at the previous election.

Sentences of Imprisonment for Public Protection, abolished in 2012, have been widely criticised and the current government has committed to ending them “once and for all”.

Sentences of Imprisonment for Public Protection, abolished in 2012, have been widely criticised and the current government has committed to ending them “once and for all”.

The UK student population has grown substantially since the mid-1990s. However, in recent years there has been downturn, partly due to new visa rules for overseas students.

The UK student population has grown substantially since the mid-1990s. However, in recent years there has been downturn, partly due to new visa rules for overseas students.

The public finances include government borrowing and debt. Find the latest data on UK borrowing and debt as well as forecasts for the future.

The public finances include government borrowing and debt. Find the latest data on UK borrowing and debt as well as forecasts for the future.

Explore constituency-level data on people claiming Universal Credit in Great Britain using our interactive dashboard.

Explore constituency-level data on people claiming Universal Credit in Great Britain using our interactive dashboard.

When has the UK had conscription and why are some European countries reintroducing some form of mandatory military service?

When has the UK had conscription and why are some European countries reintroducing some form of mandatory military service?

What are current energy prices? How and why have they changed over time? Does the UK have the highest domestic energy prices in Europe?

What are current energy prices? How and why have they changed over time? Does the UK have the highest domestic energy prices in Europe?

Retrospective tax legislation imposes or increases a tax charge prior to the legislation being introduced. Although this is a controversial practice, retrospective provisions are often introduced to mitigate the risks to the public finances from tax avoidance.

Retrospective tax legislation imposes or increases a tax charge prior to the legislation being introduced. Although this is a controversial practice, retrospective provisions are often introduced to mitigate the risks to the public finances from tax avoidance.

Frequently asked questions about the UK government's immigration white paper proposals in 2025, including longer qualifying periods for indefinite leave to remain.

Frequently asked questions about the UK government's immigration white paper proposals in 2025, including longer qualifying periods for indefinite leave to remain.

This briefing covers how the high period of inflation in the UK from 2021 to 2024 continues to affect household incomes, spending, poverty, savings and debt.

This briefing covers how the high period of inflation in the UK from 2021 to 2024 continues to affect household incomes, spending, poverty, savings and debt.

Departmental select committees were first established in 1979. This briefing paper charts changes in their number and size since 1979.

Departmental select committees were first established in 1979. This briefing paper charts changes in their number and size since 1979.

The installation of energy-saving materials (such as solar panels) on eligible buildings is zero-rated for VAT until 31 March 2027.

The installation of energy-saving materials (such as solar panels) on eligible buildings is zero-rated for VAT until 31 March 2027.

Retail is a large component of the UK’s services industry. Find the latest data on sales of food and non-food goods as well as online sales.

Retail is a large component of the UK’s services industry. Find the latest data on sales of food and non-food goods as well as online sales.