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Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Answer

Hugh Bayley: To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs which countries have provided (a) military, (b) political or diplomatic and (c) logistical support to the occupation and post- war reconstruction of (i) Kosovo, (ii) Afghanistan and (iii) Iraq. [192404] Mr. MacShane: The information requested is as follows: Kosovo There are no grounds to refer to the NATO intervention in Kosovo in 1999 as an occupation. NATO intervened in Kosovo to avert an immediate and overwhelming humanitarian disaster. The NATO website provides a list of those countries contributing to the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR): http:// www.nato.int/kfor/ The combined diplomatic efforts of the European Union, Russia and the United States made possible the resolution of the crisis within the framework of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244: http://www.unmikonline.org/press/reports/ N9917289.pdf. UNSCR 1244 set up the United Nations Interim Administration in Kosovo (UNMIK) whose mandate includes promoting the establishment, pending a final settlement, of substantial autonomy and self- government in Kosovo. The UNMIK website http:// www.unmikonline.org provides further information about its role. The six-nation Contact Group (US, UK, Russia. Germany, France and Italy) supports the rebuilding of Kosovo through UNMIK and the UN authorised. NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR). The UN Secretary-General's report on Kosovo dated 30 July provides a full list of countries supporting UNMIK http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/sgrep04.html. The number of contributors and the nature of their contribution is constantly changing. Afghanistan There are no grounds to refer to military operations in Afghanistan as occupation. These operations are being carried out with the consent of President Karzai and the Afghan Transitional Administration and increasingly involve units of the new Afghan National Army. The following countries have supplied support to Coalition missions in Afghanistan under Operation Enduring Freedom, the UN-authorised International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), or both: Afghanistan, Albania, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan. The number of contributors and the nature of their contribution is constantly changing. The NATO website (http://www.nato.int/issues/afghanistan/index.html) and the Coalition website (http://www.centcom.mil/ Operations/Coalition/joint.html) detail many of these contributions. At the Berlin Conference on Afghanistan in March 2004 the following countries pledged to support Afghanistan's reconstruction and development with pledges of support and development funding: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America. The World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the European Union and the Aga Khan Development Network also made pledges. Iraq More than 40 countries provided political, or logistical support to military action against Iraq. Subsequently UNSCR 1483 agreed by the UN Security Council on 22 May 2003 recognised the status under international law of the occupying powers under unified command and called on member states to provide humanitarian support in Iraq. 37 individual states, the European Union, World Bank and IMF have consequently committed considerable funds to the reconstruction of Iraq. In addition UNSCR 1511, which was unanimously adopted by the UN Security Council, authorised a multinational force (MNF) under unified command. The following states have formed part of the multinational force in addition to the United Kingdom and United States forces: Italy, Netherlands, Denmark, Portugal, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Romania, Japan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Albania, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Macedonia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Estonia, Latvia, El Salvador, South Korea, Australia and Tonga Direct reconstruction support is also provided though each of these contingents. Some states provided a valuable contribution to the MNF during 2003-04 but have since withdrawn, including Spain, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Thailand, Philippines and New Zealand. On 28 June 2004 the Iraqi Interim Government (IIG) came into power and the Occupation ended. The MNF is now operating in Iraq in support of the IIG. The current MNF was re-authorised by UNSCR 1546 on 8 June 2004.

Secondary information

Type

Written question

Reference

425 c901-3W; 192404

Session

2003-04

Subjects

Armed conflict International assistance Iraq Peacekeeping operations Afghanistan Kosovo Diplomatic relations Reconstruction Countries

Contains statistics

Yes

Link

View this Written question on www.publications.parliament.uk